기업의 친환경경영을 위한 전략적 접근에 관한 연구 : 도요타와 유한킴벌리 사례를 중심으로

Abstract

The increase of wealth by advance of industrialization based on mass production and mass consumption has resulted in not only positively the improvement of the standard of human life but also negatively the aggravation of the quality of life by environmental pollution since the Industrial Revolution. In particular, as environmental pollution has been serious from the middle of 20th century when industrialization and urbanization were progressed rapidly, the sympathy that management activity had to be promoted toward the harmony of economical development and environment started to be formed. Also as suffering the oil shock two times in 1970s, the worry, which not only the problem of environmental pollution but also exhaustion of natural resources would erase the abundance of economical living through expansive reproduction of industry, was spreaded. Accordingly the concept of preserving environment, using resources efficiently, and maintaining economical growth, namely sustainable development, was appeared. In United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the concept of ‘sustainable development’ was presented as “Environmentally Sound & Sustainable Development(ESSD)”. That is to say, it means the development that premises the continuance of environmentally healthy condition is more important than premising the economical sustainable. Particularly as various environment conventions including control of trade were contracted to preserving environment, and various trade-political means were applied to achieve environmental goal, the necessity for the harmony between two parties by producing friction between environment and trade was proposed. Now environment-friendly management of Korean companies are beyond the stage of inducement, many companies recognize this as an important strategy, but it is still on insignificant level as compared to global company. Global companies recognize the necessity of environment-friendly management before the fact, apply this to corporate activity aggressively, and expand aggressive activity to connect the raise of corporate image through this with profits of corporate. Some companies such as Toyota, which recognizes environmental technology as the kernel of technology to lead automobile industry and promotes the countermeasure against environmental control and environment-friendly management, and Yuhan-Kimberly which won the grand prize of the first 'sustainable management prize‘ hosted by KRIMA in 2006, are promoting environment-friendly management in various ways and strategies. According to this, this study suggests that a company constructs environment-friendly management system in a very natural way, and then can raise sustainable profit earning and corporate value by preventing and solving environmental risk that a company can be placed before the fact when a company pursues environment-friendly management through home and foreign examples introduced in this study, improves the corporate competitiveness by contributing to the protection of environment through the environmental conservation activity, and makes an effort together to solve environmental problems with all of the interested parties including consumers. However, all of companies must promote the strategy of environment-friendly management with considering following things when establishing it because under any conditions environmental results doesn't have positive influence on management results. First, a company needs to consider the situation that corporate is placed such as the characteristics of present market, the characteristics of products and industry, and the characteristics of corporate's productive structure or financial structure to establish the strategy of environment-friendly management. Second, environment-friendly management centered on environmental results is required. Most of environment-friendly management are only for one time such as the certification of environmental management system, and frequently it is not just more than slogan. This environmental activity has higher possibility to remain as the expenses of company, because actually it can show the environmental results of company, so consumer or environmental regulatory agency cannot be expected about preference effect of products and improvement of relations, and then it cannot be continued to management results. So environment-friendly management, which can show the quantitative improvement of environmental results on the basis of the systems such as environmental result management system or development of environmental report, must be accomplished. Third, it is very important for a company to practice various environment-friendly managements to reduce the environmental expenses and risk for the strengthening of competitiveness and differentiation of company. A corporate constructs environment-friendly system such as environment-friendly products, environment-friendly management ecology plant, environment-friendly management waste, environment-friendly management corporate image which can increase the results of corporate with reducing environmental pollution as a company promotes. Under the present conditions that environmental problems are recognized as a problem of human survival, now a company needs the change of the new paradigm from the production-oriented growth to the growth considering environment, and must encounter with long-term and synthetic viewpoint by breaking from the method that encountered environmental problems with symptomatic treatment. Also a company must make environment-friendly management products with contenting the consumer's demand, make profits by opening a new field that doesn't originate environmental pollution, solve environmental problems on the spontaneous and pacesetting position such as protecting pollution source with aggressive the environmental investment in principle, developing actively the environmental conservation campaign with local residents together. Therefore now the management philosophy of enterpriser must be worked out as the environmental-minded corporate image, and company must understand that environment-friendly management of today is an indispensible condition for sustainable survival of all of interested parties including the parties to company, not an option any more.