Probiotic effect of feeding Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus on periodontitis induced rat model

Abstract

Dysbiosis of oral microbiome by change of the environments induces pathogen related disease. Especially, Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with periodontitis. Various studies have showed probiotic efficacy for periodontitis related bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of probiotics on periodontitis using periodontitis induced rat model. The ligatureinduced periodontitis rats using P. gingivalis were fed the regular diet with or without probiotics for 20 days, and the periodontal status was then analyzed by micro computed tomograpy and levels of inflammatory cytokines. Also, the levels of P. gingivalis and the colonization of probiotics were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The rat that fed on the diet containing Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis, and both probiotics significantly showed higher mass of the alveolar bone compared to the rat that fed on regular diet. Also, the rat that fed on the diet containing probiotics reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The count of P. gingivalis was reduced in the rat fed containing probiotics. Furthermore, S. thermophilus and L. lactis were detected in the rat containing each probiotic bacterium. This study established that S. thermophilus and L. lactis may be suitable probiotics for therapeutic and preventive periodontitis.