Surface properties and early murine pre-osteoblastic cell responses of anodized TiO2 surfaces

Abstract

The noted anodic oxidation of titanium surfaces by the utilization of an electrochemical method is one of the procedures that can be used for the enhancement of osseointegration. This study evaluated the surface characteristics and the cell response of titanium samples that were modified by different treatment conditions. The samples were subsequently divided into 4 groups. In this study, Group I was noted as an anodized TiO2 film using a constant voltage, 270 V for 30 sec. Further, Group II was noted as using an anodized TiO2 film using a constant voltage, 270 V for 60 sec. Also, Group III was an anodized TiO2 film using a constant voltage, 270 V for 90 sec. The control was a non-treated machined titanium surface. The results were as follows: the XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of anodic oxide film was composed of anatase and rutile. The study continued with the procedure of increasing the time for anodization, whereby it was noted that the intensity of the TiO2 peaks for anatase phase decreased, while the TiO2 peak for the rutile phase was seen to have increased. In the MTT assay, it was noted that there was no significant difference in the response of fetal rat calvarial cells to the anodized titanium surfaces with the different treatment conditions. Similarly, the Group II and III showed higher ALP activity levels compared with the control and Group I (p<0.01). In the RT-PCR analysis, it is noted that the bone sialoprotein mRNA expression in Group II and III increased approximately 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold respectively, compared with the control, which was cp-Ti. The osteocalcin mRNA expression in Group II and III also increased approximately 1.6-fold and 1.7-fold respectively, compared with the control. Fundamentally, these results suggest that the anodized TiO2 surfaces treated at 60 and 90 sec, should promote cellular activity of the noted and reviewed osteoblasts, as compared with the machined Ti surface.