펄스 레이저에 의한 치과용 임플란트 표면처리 특성

Abstract

플란트를 구강구조에 따라 식립할 때 뼈에 들어가는 부분이 작아 접착력이 약한 관계로 흔들리거나 빠질 수 있다는 데 문제점이 있어 이에 대한 대안이 필요하다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 임플란트와 식립 뼈와의 면적을 증가시켜 접촉력을 향상시키는 방법이 있다. 임플란트 표면적을 증가시킬 수 있는 방법으로 레이저를 임플란트 표면에 조사시켜 표면을 개질하여 표면적을 증가시킬 수 있는 공정을 개발하고, 이를 바탕으로 임플란트 가공 레이저시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 본 연구에 사용한 레이저는 Q-switching 펄스파형의 Nd:YAG 레이저를 활용|As aging accelerates, the importance of dental health, which is closely related to the supply of influence, is being emphasized more and more. Among the organs of the body, dental health is a very important factor in consuming quality food. As the aging process approaches the limit of tooth lifespan, the demand for implants, which are artificial teeth, is increasing. This is because it is clinically very important to use materials with excellent body compatibility for implants, which are artificial teeth placed in the human body. The surface of the implant plays an important role in overall cell activities such as cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and death as well as protein adsorption through interaction with cells, and ions released from implant materials affect cell activity. In accordance with this need, a process capable of processing the surface area using a laser as a method to increase the surface area of the implant is developed, and based on this, an implant processing laser system is to be developed. The laser used in this study was a Q-switching pulse wave Nd:YAG laser.

The purpose of this study is to develop a laser-only processing machine by developing laser process parameters for implant surface treatment. As the laser surface treatment process variables, the process variables were determined by considering the wavelength, output power, output irradiation time, working distance or focal length, focal length, and overlap rate, which is the distance from the output diameter to the specimen, and the process variables were studied. A study was conducted on a method to distribute the stress when the implant screw is placed in cortical bone and cancellous bone so that the screw structure implant is designed to be body-compatible. When a laser-only system was built based on laser process parameters for implant surface treatment, a user-centered system was developed so that the user could operate while checking the surface condition in real time.

For the purpose of this study, the necessity of implant surface treatment with laser and previous studies were reviewed, and the reasons for solving problems in previous studies were explained. In the theoretical analysis, the oscillation principle of the laser beam was explained very simply, and the characteristics of the surface wave transmitted only on the surface when the laser beam interacted with the metal surface were explained. In the case of implants with high reflectivity, efficient process parameters are presented when the implant surface is treated with pulse waveforms.

The physical phenomenon that appears when the laser beam is irradiated on the implant surface is explained, and the stress distribution of the implant designed in this study is explained. Based on the above-mentioned information, we developed a system that can control the location so that the laser beam can be accurately irradiated on the implant surface. The results of irradiating the laser beam on the screw bone between the screw thread and the screw thread were compared and analyzed. The laser implant surface treatment system developed as a result of this study can perform 300,000 times of laser surface treatment, and the processing error of the surface treatment system is within 50㎛. We developed an optimal process technology with a laser surface treatment speed of up to 500mm/sec considering the laser beam output, overlap rate, and pulse laser irradiation time.