토란과 와사비 주정 추출물이 C2C12 근육세포와 3T3-L1 지방세포 분화에 미치는 영향

Abstract

The Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Colocasia esculenta and Eutrema japonicum on the Differentiation of C2C12 Myotubes and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Lee Sumin Advisor : Prof. Choi Ji-Young, Ph. D. Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Chosun University Recently, the increase in chronic diseases has led to a rise in medical expenses and income loss, resulting in a decrease in the quality of life. Among these, muscle atrophy is gaining attention as its prevalence rate is increasing. Muscles constitute a substantial proportion of the body's tissues and play a crucial role in protein storage. An imbalance between protein synthesis and breakdown in muscles, precipitated by pathological or physiological factors, can lead to muscle atrophy. Another chronic disease, obesity has been a significant public health issue worldwide, with a steadily increasing prevalence rate. Obesity is a state defined by the overabundance of fat stored within the body, which is primarily attributed to energy intake exceeding energy expenditure. This condition is a major risk factor for dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, which can cause premature death and disability. Colocasia esculenta(Taro) is a tropical tuber crop cultivated in various regions, India, China, Korea, Japan, and other countries. The roots of Colocasia esculenta have small starch granules, making them easy to digest, and they are rich in minerals. Also the leaves of Colocasia esculenta are rich in minerals and dietary fiber. Eutrema japonicum(Wasabi), originating from Japan, is presently cultivated in diverse locations such as Taiwan, Korea, New Zealand, and other countries. The roots of Eutrema japonicum are particularly abundant in allyl isothiocyanate, which is mainly responsible for its spicy taste and is used as a spice. Additionally, allyl isothiocyanate has been studied for its potential anticancer and antibacterial properties. However, it is noteworthy that the leaves of Eutrema japonicum contain approximately half the amount of this compound compared to the roots. Eutrema japonicum leaves have been studied for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-obesity effects. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of taro and wasabi leaves on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 cells, as well as their inhibitory effects on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, C2C12 cells were subjected to different treatment conditions: a control group (CON) with no treatment, a DEX group treated with 10 μM of dexamethasone (DEX), and groups treated with DEX along with extracts from Colocasia esculenta roots (CRE), Colocasia esculenta leaves (CLE), or Eutrema japonicum leaves (ELE) at varying concentrations(50, 100, 200 μg/mL). The results presented that the groups treated with CRE, CLE, and ELE exhibited significantly larger muscle fiber diameters compared with DEX group. Moreover, specific concentrations of CRE, CLE, and ELE downregulated protein degradation factors such as Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 by regulating Foxo3. Additionally, the treatment with these extracts increased the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and P70S6K1, promoting protein synthesis. We treated 3T3-L1 cells into a non-differentiated group (Non-diff) without inducing differentiation, a CON treated with a differentiation cocktail to induce differentiation, and groups treated with the differentiation cocktail and CRE, CLE, or ELE to examine the mechanisms regulating adipocyte differentiation. The results showed that CRE, CLE, and ELE all activated AMPK. As a result, the treatment with CRE, CLE, and ELE upregulated the phosphorylation of HSL, leading to increased lipolysis, and CLE and ELE downregulated FAS, inhibiting adipogenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CRE, CLE, and ELE modulate both muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, with potential implications for enhancing muscle function. Additionally, these extracts activate the AMPK pathway, influencing adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis, thereby suggesting potential anti-obesity effects. This research could serve as a basis data for subsequent preclinical and clinical trials.