한·중 청소년 스포츠 활동 현황 분석 연구

Abstract

Through literature, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, this paper studies and discusses some middle school students in Gwangju, South Korea and Hefei, China, aiming to investigate the fitness activities of teenagers in China and South Korea .Especially teenagers scientific fitness literacy (fitness knowledge, exercise attitude, exercise skill and fitness habits) and family environment, social environment, school environment and the present situation and the relevance of comparative analysis, the two countries teenagers scientific fitness literacy status comparative analysis, to understand China and South Korea youth sports development of health promotion,So as to explore the good suggestions to promote the healthy development of teenagers in the two countries.This study designed questionnaires in South Korea. From April to October in 2020, 1300 questionnaires were sent out in Gwangju, South Korea, and 1235 valid questionnaires were collected (100%); 1500 questionnaires were sent out in Hefei, China, and 1478 valid questionnaires were collected (100%).1235 of them were randomly selected for final comparative analysis.In this study, SPSS.26 statistical software was used to process data, and statistics and analysis were conducted on the data collected from the survey. The following conclusions were drawn: 1） The knowledge of sports in South Korea is not high, while the knowledge of sports in China is better.There was no significant difference among different genders, but significant difference among different grades (P <.01).There were differences among genders and grades in Chinese teenagers' knowledge of sports (P<.05).There is a difference in the level of sports knowledge between Chinese and Korean teenagers (P<.01), and Chinese teenagers' understanding of sports knowledge (correct rate of questions) is higher than that of Korean teenagers. 2）The fitness attitude of Chinese and Korean teenagers is general, and the fitness enthusiasm is not high.The results of the analysis on the difference of Korean teenagers' attitudes towards sports are not uniform, and there is no obvious difference in their attitudes towards fitness between the genders. Samples of different grades in Korea show different attitudes towards sports (P<.05).Gender and grade of Chinese adolescents showed different attitudes towards sports (P<.05).A comparative analysis of the fitness attitudes of Chinese and Korean teenagers shows that there is a significant difference between the fitness attitudes of Korean teenagers and Chinese teenagers (P <.01). 3）Young people in China and South Korea have participated in and mastered many sports, and the categories of sports are also different.South Korea is mainly involved in and proficient in skipping, badminton, walking and so on;The sports that Chinese youngsters have participated in and mastered are rope skipping, basketball and football.From the above data analysis, it can be seen that there are certain differences between Chinese and South Korean teenagers in their proficiency in preparatory activities. In terms of the proportion of proficiency, Chinese teenagers have a better grasp of it.Chinese and South Korean teenagers know more about the treatment of sports injury than South Korean teenagers. 4）The sports that Korean and Chinese teenagers have been doing for the past year are brisk walking, badminton, rope skipping, soccer, short and medium (less than 1,500 meters), basketball, long jump, table tennis, gymnastics and baseball.The sports that Chinese youth choose (top 10) are rope skipping, basketball, football, swimming, table tennis, walking, badminton, taekwondo, roller skating, tennis, etc.The proportion of south Korean teenagers who continue to do physical exercise for more than one year is higher than that of China, and more Chinese teenagers choose more than half a year and less than one year. The situation of one month to six months is similar to that of China and South Korea, and the proportion is not high.In terms of the number of physical education days per week, South Korea chose 2 days per week, and China chose 4 days per week.In addition to physical education, the proportion of South Korean teenagers who take part in physical exercise every week is higher than that of Chinese teenagers who take part in physical exercise every week is higher than that of Chinese teenagers who take part in physical exercise every week.The proportion of young people in South Korea who take part in physical exercise for less than 30 minutes is higher than that in China.The ratio of 30-60 minutes and 60-90 minutes was higher in China than in Korea.90-120 minutes and more than 120 minutes are very low in both countries, with the proportion below 10%. 5）There is no difference between different genders of Korean teenagers and their family environment.There was a significant difference in family environment among Korean teenagers by grade (P<.01).The gender and grade of Chinese adolescents showed significant differences in family environment (P <.01).At the same time, there is a significant difference between Korean family environment and Chinese social environment, and the average of Korean family environment (2.01) is significantly lower than that of Chinese family environment (3.88). 6）Different gender samples of South Korean teenagers showed consistency in social environment, and there was no difference. Grade showed significant difference in social environment (P<.01).The gender and grade of Chinese adolescents showed significant differences in social environment (P<.01).It can be seen from the above data that there is a significant difference between the social environment in South Korea and China, and the average value of the social environment in South Korea (2.49) is significantly lower than that in China (3.65). 7）Different genders in South Korea showed differences in school environment (p<.05), and different grades showed significant differences in school environment (p<.01); Chinese adolescents showed significant differences in gender and grades in school environment (p<.01). In addition, there was a significant difference between the Korean school environment and the Chinese school environment (p<.01), and the average of the Korean school environment (2.69) was significantly lower than the average of the Chinese school environment (3.93).|中文摘要

本文通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等，以韩国光州和中国合肥部分中学学生为例进行研究讨论，旨在对中韩青少年健身活动状况，特别是青少年科学健身素养（健身知识、健身态度、健身技能、健身习惯）和家庭环境、社会环境、学校环境等的现状和关联性进行比较分析，对两国青少年科学健身素养状况进行比较分析，以此了解中韩两国青少年体育健康促进的发展状况，从而探讨促进两国青少年体质健康发展的好的建议。本研究设计了韩国调查问卷，问卷调查从2020年4月旬到10月旬，韩国光州共发放问卷1300份，收回1235份，有效问卷1235 份（100%），中国合肥共发放问卷1500份，收回1478份，有效问卷1478份（100%），随机抽取其中1235份用于最终对比分析。本研究利用SPSS.26统计软件处理资料，对调查搜集得到的数据进行统计和分析，得出了以下结论： 1）韩国青少年运动常识的认识程度不高，中国青少年运动常识的认知程度较好。韩国青少年不同性别间差异性不明显，不同年级间呈现出显著差异性（p<.01）；中国青少年运动常识的掌握程度不同性别和年级之间都存在差异性(p<.05)；中韩国两国青少年的运动常识水平方面存在差异性（p<.01），中国青少年学的对运动常识的认识程度程度（问题正确率）均高于韩国青少年学生。 2）中韩青少年健身态度一般，健身积极性都不高。韩国青少年性别对运动态度差异性分析结果不统一，性别间健身态度差异性不明显，韩国不同年级样本对于运动态度都呈现出差异性(p<.05)；中国青少年性别和年级都对运动态度呈现出差异性(p<.05)；中韩青少年健身态度比较分析，韩国青少年健身态度和中国青少年健身态度之间呈现出显著差异性(p<.01)。 3）中韩两国青少年参加过的和熟练掌握的体育运动项目较多，项目类别也各有不同。韩国主要参与和熟练掌握的项目有跳绳、羽毛球、健步走等；中国青少年参加过的和熟练掌握的运动项目主要有跳绳、篮球、足球等。中韩青少年熟练掌握的准备活动上有一定的差异，掌握程度从比例上看，中国青少年掌握程度较好。中韩青少年了解的运动损伤的处理方法方面，中国青少年数据比例都高于韩国青少年。 4）中韩青少年最近 1 年，一直在持续做的体育锻炼项目， 韩国青少年选择的项目（前10项）有健步走、羽毛球、跳绳、足球、中短（1500米以内）、篮球、跳远、乒乓球、体操、棒球等；中国青少年选择的项目（前10项）有跳绳、篮球、足球、游泳、乒乓球、 健步走、羽毛球、跆拳道、轮滑、网球等。持续做的体育锻炼项目，韩国青少年坚持的时间选择1年以上的比例高于中国，中国青少年选择半年以上1年以内的较多，选择1个月到半年的情况，中韩相似，比例都不高。中韩青少年每周体育课的天数，韩国选择每周2天最多，中国选择每周4天最多；中韩青少年体育课之外，每周参加体育锻炼的天数，韩国青少年选择0天的比例较高，中国青少年选择2-4天的比例较高；中韩青少年每次参加体育锻炼的时间，30分钟以下的韩国选择比例比中国比例高；30-60分钟和60-90分钟中国比韩国比例高；90-120分钟和120分钟以上两国都很低，比例都在10%以下。 5）韩国青少年不同性别对家庭环境出现一致性，没有差异性；韩国青少年的年级对于家庭环境呈现出显著差异性(p<.01)。中国青少年性别和年级都对家庭环境呈现出显著差异性(p<.01)。同时，韩国家庭环境和中国社会环境之间呈现显著差异性，韩国家庭环境的平均值(2.01)，会明显低于中国家庭环境的平均值(3.88)。 6）韩国青少年不同性别样本对于社会环境均表现出一致性，并没有差异性，年级对社会环境呈现出显著差异性(p<.01)；中国青少年的性别和年级都对社会环境呈现出显著差异性(p=0.000<0.01)。韩国社会环境和中国社会环境之间呈现出显著差异性，韩国社会环境的平均值(2.49)，会明显低于中国社会环境的平均值(3.65)。 7）韩国不同性别对于学校环境呈现出差异性(p<.05)，不同年级对学校环境呈现出显著性差异(p<.01)；中国青少年的性别和年级都对学校环境呈现显著性差异(p<.01)。另外，韩国学校环境和中国学校环境之间呈现出显著性差异(p<.01)，韩国学校环境的平均值(2.69)，明显低于中国学校环境的平均值(3.93)。