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Exploration of cell death signal transduction pathway induced by extracellular Aβ

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Author(s)
빌키스 타미나
Issued Date
2022
Keyword
β-아밀로이드 알츠하이머병 세포 불투과성 라민 절단 플래그-Aβ, β-amyloid Alzheimer’s disease cell-impermeability lamin cleavage Flag-Aβ
Abstract
노인성 플라크의 주성분인 β-아밀로이드(Aβ)는 알츠하이머병에서 세포 내 및 세포 외 과정에 의해 세포 사멸을 유도합니다. 이전에 우리는 세포 내 Aβ 펩타이드가 세포 사멸 카스파 제 활성화보다 일찍 발생하는 펩타이드 특이적 라민 단백질 단편화를 유도한다는 것을 발견했습니다. 현재 연구에서 우리는 세포 외 Aβ가 동일한 유형의 라민 단편화를 유도하고 단편화로 이어지는 세포 사멸 과정을 조사했습니다. 세포외에 위치한 Aβ는 세포내 Aβ와 다른 세포사멸 경로를 유도하므로 상이할 것으로 예상하였다. 이전에 우리와 다른 사람들은 세포 외로 투여된 Aβ가 세포에 들어가 펩티드 특이적 사멸 과정을 유도할 수 있다고 보고했습니다. 따라서 연구를 위해서는 세포 불투과성 Aβ 펩티드가 유용해야 합니다. 테스트된 Aβ 펩타이드 구성물 중에서 FLAG 태그가 지정된 42개 아미노산 Aβ42(fAβ42)가 세포 불투과성 및 세포독성인 것으로 밝혀졌습니다. 공초점 현미경에 의해 밝혀진 세포 불투과성 펩타이드 FLAG 태그 42-아미노산 Aβ42(fAβ42)가 사용되었으며, 라민 단백질 절단 및 카스파제 활성화를 유도합니다. 세포 생존율은 야생형 Aβ42 및 Tat-Aβ42보다 fAβ42로 처리된 세포에서 최대입니다. fAβ42는 세포 불투과성이지만 고독성 Tat-Aβ42와 같은 단량체 및 올리고머 조건 모두에서 LA/LC 및 LB를 절단합니다. 더욱이, fAβ42에 의해 유도된 라미네이트 단편화의 절단된 생성물은 STS 처리된 세포에서 인지되는 라민 단편화와 유사하다. 반면에, 이러한 LA/LC 및 LB의 단편화는 야생형 Aβ42 및 Tat-Aβ42 처리된 세포와 완전히 달랐다. 우리는 이전에 카스파제 의존적 세포자멸사와 비-세포자멸사 세포 사멸이 모두 Aβ에 의해 유도되었음을 관찰했습니다. 이것이 웨스턴 블롯팅 및 효소 분석을 사용하여 세포 독성, 카스파제 및 이들의 기질 처리를 분석한 이유입니다. 우리의 결과는 caspase 활성화 후 fAβ42로 처리된 세포에서 lamin A/C와 lamin B 단편화가 발생함을 보여주었습니다. 28-kDa 및 46-kDa에서 LA/LC 및 LB의 STS 및 fAβ42 유도 절단은 20μM z-VAD-FMK 및 20μM z-DEVD-FMK로 처리한 후 유의하게 억제되었습니다. 카스파제는 STS 및 fAβ42 처리된 세포에서 LA/LC 및 LB의 단편화에 관여했으며, 이는 해당 세포 사멸 경로에서 야생형 Aβ42와 라민 단편화의 다른 특성을 확인시켜줍니다. 이 메커니즘은 아직 명확하게 이해되지 않습니다. fAβ42 독성과 라민 단편화 사이의 상관관계는 카스파제 활성화의 억제가 알츠하이머병의 병리학적 과정을 조절하는 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있음을 시사합니다.|β-Amyloid (Aβ), a major constituent of senile plaques, induces cell death by intracellular and extracellular processes in Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we found the intracellular Aβ peptide induces the peptide-specific lamin protein fragmentation which occurs earlier than apoptotic caspase activation. In the current study, we examined extracellular Aβ also induces the same type of lamin fragmentation and the cell death process leading to the fragmentation. Because Aβ located extracellularly induced the cell death pathway different from that of intracellular Aβ, it was expected that they are different. Previously, we and others reported that Aβ administered extracellularly can enter the cells to induce the peptide-specific death processes.Thus, for the study cell-impermeable Aβ peptide should be useful. Among tested Aβ peptide constructs, FLAG-tagged 42-amino-acids Aβ42 (fAβ42) was found to be cell-impermeable and cytotoxic. Cell-impermeable peptide FLAG- tagged 42-amino-acids Aβ42 (fAβ42) revealed by confocal microscopy was used, induces lamin protein cleavage and caspase activation. Cell survival rate is maximum with the cells treated by fAβ42 rather than wild type Aβ42 and Tat-Aβ42. Though fAβ42 is cell-impermeable, it cleaves the LA/LC and LB in both monomeric and oligomeric condition like highly toxic Tat-Aβ42. Moreover, the cleaved product of lamin fragmentation induced by fAβ42 is similar to lamin fragmentation perceived in STS-treated cells. On the other hand, this fragmentation of LA/LC and LB was totally different from wild type Aβ42 and Tat-Aβ42 treated cells. We previously observed that both caspase dependent apoptosis and non-apoptotic cell death was induced by Aβ. That’s why cytotoxicity, caspases and their substrates processing were analyzed using western blotting and enzyme assays. Our results showed that lamin A/C and lamin B fragmentation occur in cells treated by fAβ42 after caspase activation. The STS and fAβ42-induced cleavage of LA/LC and LB at 28-kDa and 46-kDa were significantly inhibited after treatment with 20µM z-VAD-FMK and 20µM z-DEVD-FMK. Caspases were involved in fragmentation of LA/LC and LB in STS and fAβ42 treated cells, which confirmed the differing nature of lamin fragmentation that wild type Aβ42 in that cell death pathway. This mechanism is not clearly understood yet. A correlation between fAβ42 toxicity and lamin fragmentation suggests that inhibition of caspase activation could be an effective way of regulating the pathological process of AD.
Alternative Title
세포밖에 위치하는 Amyloid-β에 의해 유도되는 세포사 신호전달체계
Alternative Author(s)
Tahmina Bilkis
Affiliation
조선대학교 일반대학원
Department
일반대학원 의과학과
Advisor
Il-Seon Park
Awarded Date
2022-08
Table Of Contents
CONTENTS i
LIST OF FIGURES v

요약 1

ABSTRACT 4

I. INTRODUCTION 6
I-1. The Aβ peptide linked with Alzheimer’s disease 6
I-2. Multimeric conformation of A and cytotoxicity 8
I-3. Intracellular and extracellular Ab-induced cell death pathway mechanism (s) 10
I-4. Intracellular and extracellular Ab are connected 11
I-5. Extracellular and intracellular uptake of Ab peptide by cells 13
I-6. Proteins that inhibit Ab-associated cytotoxicity 16
I-7. Chemical compounds that inhibit the cytotoxicity associated with Ab 18
I-8. Cell-penetrating peptides 20
I-9. Apoptosis and the Role of Ab 22
I-10. Outline of the thesis 24

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 25
II-1. Materials 25
II-2. Cell Culture and Cytotoxicity Assay 26
II-3. Assessment of Caspase Activity 27
II-4. Preparation of Flag-Aβ42 solutions, Aβ42 oligomers and fibrils Aβ42 28
II-5. SDS-PAGE gel Analysis 29
II-6. Preparation of cell extract 29
II-7. Western blot analysis 29
II-8. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy 30
II-9. Fibrillogenesis Study 30
II-10. Immuno cytochemistry 31

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 32
III-1. Lamin cleavage induced by Flag-Aβ 42
III-1-1. Monitoring entry of mAβ42, oAβ42, Aβ42 fibrils, mfAβ42 and ofAβ42 into the HeLa cells 32
III-1-2. Cytotoxicity of fAβ42, Aβ42 fibrils and tAβ42 into Hela cells 36
III-1-3. Differential Fragmentation of Lamin A/C and Lamin B by Aβ42 oligomers, Aβ42fibrils, STS and Flag-Aβ42 41
III-1-4. LA/LC and LB Fragmentation by fAβ42 in different concentration in HeLa cell 43
III-1-5. Lamin A/C and Lamin B Fragmentation by fAβ42 in different time period in HeLa cell 44
III-1-6. fAβ42 induces nuclear deformation which is suppressed by caspase inhibitor 46
III-1-7. Differential processing of Caspases and their substrates in Aβ42, STS- and fAβ42-treated cells 49
III-1-8. Activation of caspase-3, -6, -8, and -9 by fAβ42 treated cells 54
lII-1-9. Caspase inhibitor reduces lamin A/C and lamin B cleavage induced by Aβ42 57
III-1-10. Biophysical activity checking of fAβ42 in HeLa cell 59
III-1-11. Cell death pathway induced by fAβ42 60
III-1-12. DISCUSSION 61
III-2. Cellular Internalization of mAβ42, oAβ42, tAβ42 and Effect of Aβ42 toxicity inhibitor on the entry of Aβ42 into SH-SY5Y cells 64
III-2-1. Monitoring entry of Aβ42 into the cells 64
III-2-2. Effect of Aβ42-toxicity inhibitor (AF and MBP) on the entry of Aβ42 into SH-SY5Y cells 66
III-2-3. DnaK inhibits the entry of Aβ42 into the cells 68
III-2-4. Cell Cytotoxicity of Aβ42 and tAβ42 by MTT reduction Assay and Alamar Blue Assay in SH-SY5Y Cell 69
III-2-5. DEVDase activity induced by Aβ42 and tAβ42 71
III-2-6. Inhibition of Aβ42 cytotoxicity by AF, MBP and DnaK 72
III-2-7. Ratio of cells with intracellular Aβ (%) with or without inhibitor and cell death (%) in SH-SY5Y cell 73
III-2-8. Comparison of internalization process of extracellular Aβ42 and intracellular Aβ42 75
III-2-9. DISCUSSION 76

IV. FUTURE RESEARCH 77

V. REFERENCES 79

VI. ABBREVIATIONS 98

VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 100
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
조선대학교 대학원
Citation
빌키스 타미나. (2022). Exploration of cell death signal transduction pathway induced by extracellular Aβ.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/17408
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000626631
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 4. Theses(Ph.D)
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