8주간의 훈련이 구좌소동(久坐少動) 재직자의 목·어깨의 체형에 미치는 영향

Abstract

本研究旨在探討8周干預训练對久坐少动的在职人员肩颈部不良体态的影響.通過招募的志愿者男女共83名，通过筛选和排除16名志愿者，確定67名志愿者參加此項研究.受試者被分為2組，分別為男子组和女子组，最终根据研究需要选取男女各30名，共计60名受试者的数据进行分析研究。通過8周的肌力训练和牵伸等方式的干预，觀察训练干預方式對久坐少动的在职人员肩颈部不良体态的影響效果.測量指標包括基礎體力健康指標(身高、體重、BMI)和肩颈部位静态指標(头前伸角度FHA、圆肩角度FSA、颅椎角CVA、头前伸距离、颈椎活动度) . 研究結果如下:

第一，8周干预前以及干预后对比男子组和女子组组间的BMI值存在显著性差异（p<0.01）。男子组组内和女子组组内对比干预前后的BMI值都有下降,且女子组比男子组的BMI值下降程度更大。

第二，8周的干预对肩颈指数的影响如下，男子组组间和女子组组间对比干预前后的FHA，FSA，CVA值均存在显著性差异（p<0.01）。说明8周的干预对中国久坐少动在职人员肩颈部位指数头前倾角，圆肩角和颅椎角出现了积极的变化，不良的体态得到改善，统计上也确认了有意义的差异性。

第三，8周干预前以及干预后对比男子组和女子组的头前伸距离存在显著性差异（p<0.05）。男子组组内和女子组组内对比干预前后的头前伸距离均有好的改善，且男子组比女子组的改善效果更显著。

第四，8周的干预对颈椎活动度的影响如下，8周干预前和干预后男子组和女子组组间颈椎屈曲，伸展，颈椎左侧屈，颈椎左旋转，右旋转值均存在显著性差异（p<0.01）。男子组对比干预前后的颈椎屈曲，伸展，颈椎左侧屈，右侧屈，颈椎左旋转值均存在显著性差异（p<0.01），颈椎右旋转存在显著性差异（p<0.05）。女子组对比干预前后的颈椎屈曲，伸展，颈椎左侧屈，右侧屈，颈椎左旋转，右旋转值均存在显著性差异（p<0.01）。由此可见，8周的干预对中国久坐少动在职人员颈椎屈曲，伸展，颈椎左侧屈，右侧屈，颈椎左旋转，右旋转都产生了积极的影响，统计上也确认了这些有意义的差异。

第五，8周干预前头前伸距离与肩颈角度指数有显著相关，即头前伸距离越大FHA,FSA越大，反之相反。干预前男女组BMI与颈椎活动度有显著相关，即BMI值越大颈椎屈曲，颈椎左旋转，右旋转越大，反之相反。干预前男女组BMI值越大颈椎伸展，颈椎左侧屈越小。8周干预后男女组头前伸距离与BMI,CVA,FHA,FSA呈显著相关，即头前伸距离越大BMI，CVA越小，反之相反。头前伸距离越大FHA,FSA越大，反之相反。干预后男女组BMI和头前伸距离均与颈椎屈曲，颈椎左旋转，右旋转呈显著相关。即干预后BMI越大颈椎屈曲，颈椎左旋转，右旋转越大，反之相反。干预后头前移距离越大颈椎屈曲，颈椎左旋转，右旋转越小，反之相反。 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week intervention training on the poor posture of the shoulders and neck of the sedentary in-service staff. A total of 83 volunteers were recruited, male and female, and 16 volunteers were screened and excluded, and 67 volunteers were determined to participate. In this study, the subjects were divided into two groups, one for men and one for women. Finally, according to the research needs, 30 men and 30 men and 60 subjects in total were selected for analysis and research. Through the intervention of 8 weeks of muscle strength training and stretching, the effect of the training intervention on the poor posture of the shoulders and neck of the sedentary employees was observed. The measurement indicators include basic physical health indicators (height, weight, BMI) and shoulder and neck position static indicators (head extension angle FHA, rounded shoulder angle FSA, cranial vertebral angle CVA, head extension distance, cervical spine mobility). The results are as follows: First, there was a significant difference (p<0.01) in BMI values between the male and female groups before and after the 8-week intervention. The BMI values of the men's group and the women's group before and after the intervention were both decreased, and the BMI value of the women's group decreased more than the men's group. Second, the effect of the 8-week intervention on the shoulder and neck index was as follows. There were significant differences in the FHA, FSA, and CVA values before and after the intervention between the men's group and the women's group (p<0.01). It shows that the 8-week intervention has positive changes in the shoulder and neck index head anteversion angle, rounded shoulder angle and cranial vertebral angle of Chinese sedentary and inactive employees, and the poor posture is improved, and statistically significant differences are also confirmed. Third, there was a significant difference in head extension distance between the male and female groups before and after the 8-week intervention (p<0.05). The head extension distance before and after the intervention in the men's group and the women's group were improved, and the improvement effect in the men's group was more significant than that in the women's group. Fourth, the effect of the 8-week intervention on the range of motion of the cervical spine is as follows. Before and after the 8-week intervention, the values of cervical spine flexion, extension, cervical spine left flexion, cervical spine left rotation, and right rotation were all significant between the men's and women's groups. difference (p<0.01). There were significant differences in cervical flexion, extension, left flexion, right flexion, and left rotation of the cervical spine in the male group before and after the intervention (p<0.01), and there was a significant difference in the right rotation of the cervical spine (p<0.05). There were significant differences in cervical flexion, extension, left flexion, right flexion, left rotation, and right rotation of the cervical spine in the female group before and after the intervention (p<0.01). It can be seen that the 8-week intervention had a positive effect on cervical flexion, extension, left-side flexion, right-side flexion, left-side rotation, and right-side rotation of the cervical spine among Chinese sedentary and inactive employees difference in meaning. Fifth, the head extension distance before the 8-week intervention was significantly correlated with the shoulder and neck angle index, that is, the greater the head extension distance, the greater the FHA, the greater the FSA, and vice versa. Before intervention, BMI was significantly correlated with cervical mobility in male and female groups, that is, the greater the BMI value, the greater the flexion of the cervical spine, the greater the left and right rotation of the cervical spine, and vice versa. Before the intervention, the greater the BMI value of the male and female groups, the lower the cervical spine extension and the lower the left cervical spine flexion. After 8 weeks of intervention, the head extension distance in male and female groups was significantly correlated with BMI, CVA, FHA, and FSA, that is, the greater the head extension distance, the smaller the BMI and the smaller the CVA, and vice versa. The greater the head extension distance, the greater the FHA and the greater the FSA, and vice versa. After the intervention, BMI and head extension distance were significantly correlated with cervical flexion, left rotation and right rotation of the cervical spine in both male and female groups. That is, the greater the BMI after the intervention, the greater the flexion of the cervical spine, the greater the left rotation and the greater the right rotation of the cervical spine, and vice versa. After the intervention, the greater the distance of the head forward, the greater the cervical flexion, the left rotation of the cervical spine, and the smaller the right rotation, and vice versa.