3D 프린팅된 폴리카프로락톤 멤브레인이 토끼 두개골 결손부의 골재생에 끼치는 영향

Abstract

I. Purpose The purpose of this study is to radiologically and histologically compare and evaluate the bone regeneration effects of 3D printed membranes in rabbit skull defects.

II. Materials and Methods A total of four circular bone defects were formed in the rabbit's skull with a diameter of 8 mm, and each material was applied into the defects. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) membrane and scaffold were fabricated by 3D printing using PCL polymer. In the control group, a resorbable membrane (Collagen membrane®, Dentium, Seoul, Korea) was used below the defect, and in Experiment 1 group, deprotenized bovine bone mineral (DBBMC, Bio-Oss collagen®, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzeland) was used as a scaffold. In Experiment 2, the 3D membrane was applied above the defect, and the manufactured 3D scaffold was used in the defect. In Experiment 3, the 3D membrane was only used upwards. After 2 and 6 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed, and bone tissue specimens containing bone defects were collected from the rabbit's calvarials for radiographic and histologic evaluation.

III. Results In radiographic evaluation of 2 weeks, the hard tissue formation amount was 24.66±12.32㎣ in experimental group 3, which was more than twice that of the control group, and the hard tissue formation amount was 19.97 ± 3.9㎣ in Experimental Group 2. The amount of hard tissue formation in all experimental groups showed statistical significance to that of the control group (p=0.008). In radiographic evaluation of 6 weeks, the amount of hard tissue formation was 46.69 ± 11.59 ㎣ in experimental group 3, which was more than 1.7 times higher than that of the control group. The amount of hard tissue formation in experimental groups 1 and 2 showed statistical significance to that of the control group (p=0.029). In histological evaluation of 2 weeks, new bone was formed in the marginal part of the bone defect, and granulation tissue with consistent thickness was observed in Experimental Group 2. In histological evaluation of 6 weeks, an increase in new bone formation was observed under the 3D membrane and between the 3D scaffolds in experimental group 2.

IV. Conclusion The membranes fabricated with a 3D printer using PCL polymer were radiographically promoted new bone formation over 2 to 6 weeks, and when the bone graft material and scaffold were used together with the 3D membrane, more new bone formation can be achieved.