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탑재형 개질기가 적용된 차세대 마이크로 가스터빈 연소기에 대한 1D-3D 연계해석 연구

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Author(s)
김종현
Issued Date
2021
Abstract
본 연구는 마이크로 가스터빈 연소기와 on-board reformer가 결합된 advanced Brayton cycle을 수치해서적으로 제안하였습니다. 연구에서 사용한 연소기는 150kW의 열출력과 1200K의 터빈 입구 온도(TIT)를 달성하며, dry low NOx(DLN)를 지향합니다. 신 연소기술인 MILD combustion 구현을 위해서는 극도로 연료가 희박하고 혼합도가 높은 연소환경이 요구됩니다. 하지만 연료가 희박한 환경에서는 연소불안정성과 연소 운전영역이 좁아지는 현상을 야기합니다. 본 연구에서는 연소기 내부의 혼합도를 높이고 희박 연소 성능을 향상시키기 위해 수소 첨가와 연소 운전 범위의 연관성을 연구하였습니다.
먼저, Target 연소기는 연소영역 설계식을 통해 설계되었습니다. 설계된 연소기는 희박 연소를 지향하며, 연소기 내부 혼합성능을 개선하기 위해 concept nozzle 연구를 수행하였습니다.
다음, 부분산화 개질의 화학반응을 기반으로 concept 탑재형 개질기를 설계하였습니다. 설계된 개질기는 반응성에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대해 parametric study를 수행하였고, 발생한 수소 수율을 비교하였습니다. 연소기와 개질기는 각 운전점에서 open loop cycle로 분석되었습니다. 다음 개질기 down-stream과 연소기 up-stream의 주 연료와 연결하여 closed loop cycle을 구성하여 연구를 수행하였습니다. 해석 결과에서 OH radical은 산화제가 희석되고 개질기를 통해 유입되는 수소 수율이 증가함에 따라 고르게 분포됨을 확인하였고, 이는 MILD combustion과 유사함을 확인하였습니다. 이는 산화제가 희박한 환경에서 OH radical 분포와 유사하며, MILD combustion의 기본 연소 특성과도 유사합니다.
해석 결과를 통해 step load operation point을 모사하여 reforming on/off 운전점을 도출하였습니다. 또한 reforming on 운전점에서 pre-reforming section을 구성하여 개질 운전성의 응답성을 향상하였습니다. 최종적으로 다양한 운전조건에서 수소 첨가 시 conversion efficiency를 계산하기 위해 통상적인 부분 산화 개질과 비교하여 타당한 운전점을 도출하였습니다.
|This study numerically suggests an advanced Brayton cycle which is composed of a micro gas turbine combustor and an on-board reformer. The combustor used in the study achieves a power of 150kWth and turbine inlet temperature(TIT) of 1200K, aiming for dry low NOx(DLN). The implementation of moderate or intensive of low oxygen dilution(MILD) combustion, a new combustion technology, requires an extremely lean burn condition and improved mixedness for combustion. However, under lean fuel environment, combustion instability and the narrow operation range have been issued.
In the present study, the relationship between the hydrogen addition and the combustion operation range were studied to improve the internal mixing degree of the combustor, and to improve the lean burn capability.
As the first step, target combustor was designed through the combustion chamber design equation. The designed combustor aims to lean burn, and a concept nozzle study was conducted to improve the mixedness inside the combustor.
Next step, A concept on-board reformer was designed based on the chemical reaction of partial oxidation reforming. The designed reformer confirmed to the hydrogen yield by parametric study of the factors that affect the reactivity.
The combustor and reformer were analyzed as an open-loop cycle at each operating point. And then closed-loop cycle was calculated and analyzed by connecting between reformer down-stream and main fuel up-stream of combustor. The results confirmed that the MILD combustion could be achieved as the OH radicals were evenly distributed having diluted oxidizing agent and increased hydrogen yield from reformer. This is similar to the OH radical distribution in a lean burn condition, and similar to the basic combustion characteristics of MILD combustion.
Reforming on/off operation points were derived by simulating the step load operation through the result. In addition, a pre-reforming section was configured at reformer operating point and the response time of reforming operability was improved.
Finally, in order to calculate the conversion efficiency of hydrogen addition point under various condition, the appropriate operating points were derived compared to conventional partial oxidation reforming.
Alternative Title
1D-3D co-simulation analysis of the next-generation micro gas turbine combustor with on-board reformer
Alternative Author(s)
JONGHYUN KIM
Affiliation
조선대학교 일반대학원
Department
일반대학원 기계공학과
Advisor
박정수
Awarded Date
2021-08
Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS i
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES xi
DEFINITIONS & NOMENCLATURE xii
ABSTRACT xv

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research motivation & goal 1
1.2 Industrial issue 3
1.2.1 Sustainable development of power generation system 3
1.2.2 Duck curve 5
1.3 Research trends 7
1.3.1 Advanced combustion 7
1.3.2 Blended fuel & co-firing 10
1.3.3 On-board reforming 13

CHAPTER 2. RESEARCH BACKGROUND 16
2.1 Fundamentals of gas turbine 16
2.2 Reforming of hydrocarbon 21
2.3 Exhaust gas recirculation 24

CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY 26
3.1 Modeling description 26
3.1.1 Navier-Stokes equation 26
3.1.2 Renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulent flow model 27
3.1.3 Taylor series for adaptive mesh refinement(AMR) 27
3.1.4 SAGE detailed chemistry model 28
3.1.5 GRI-3.0 mechanism 29
3.1.6 Reduced(simplified) GRI-1.2 mechanism 29
3.2 Combustor design 30
3.2.1 Down-scaling 30
3.2.2 Nozzle geometry parameter study 34
3.2.3 1D modeling for co-simulation 35
3.3 Reformer design 36
3.3.1 1D calculation based on partial oxidation 36
3.3.2 Hydrogen yield 38
3.3.3 EGR loop 39
3.3.4 Open-loop cycle 41
3.4 Closed-loop cycle description 43
3.4.1 1D modeling for closed-loop concept cycle 43
3.4.2 Step transient operation mode analysis 45
3.4.3 Conversion efficiency 48
3.5 Summary and overall research scopes 49

CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 52
4.1 reference combustor analysis results 52
4.1.1 Non-reacting flow 55
4.1.2 Reacting flow 57
4.2 Detailed target combustor analysis results 60
4.2.1 Reacting flow 60
4.2.2 Concept nozzle analysis results 63
4.2.3 Hydrogen co-firing 67
4.3 Detailed target reformer analysis results 78
4.3.1 Hydrogen yield 78
4.3.2 Effect of reformate fuel inlet velocity 83
4.4 Step operation mode analysis results 93
4.4.1 Reformer component 1D-3D switch 93
4.4.2 Step operation mode 95
4.4.3 Step transient operation mode combustion analysis 98
4.4.4 Conversion efficiency 101

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION 103
5.1 Overall research of gas turbine combustor 103
5.2 Overall research of on-board reformer 105
5.3 Closed-loop cycle 106
5.4 Future work 107

REFERENCE 109

APPENDIX 118
A. GRI-Mechanism ver. 3.0 118
B. Thermo data 126
C. Reduced GRI-Mechanism ver. 1.2 130
Degree
Master
Publisher
조선대학교 대학원
Citation
김종현. (2021). 탑재형 개질기가 적용된 차세대 마이크로 가스터빈 연소기에 대한 1D-3D 연계해석 연구.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/17089
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000490111
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 3. Theses(Master)
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  • Embargo2021-08-27
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