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Anti-skin inflammatory effects of compounds from Cudrania tricuspidata in HaCaT human keratinocyte

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Author(s)
김나연
Issued Date
2021
Keyword
피부염증
Abstract
C. tricuspidata roots have traditionally been used in Korea and China. The C. tricuspidata blossoms in June, and the fruit ripens from September to October. In Korea, they grow wild all over the country. The roots and leaves of C. tricuspidata contain active substances with anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and hypoglycemic effects. The root bark of C. tricuspidata has been reported to have anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities. Dermatitis is affected by genetic, environmental, and immunological disorders while chronic inflammation is characterized by increased epidermal thickness and penetration of macrophages, mast cells, and other inflammatory cells. The stimulation of keratinocytes by TNF-α and IFN-γ is highly dependent on activation and induces the expression and secretion of chemokines, normal T cells (RANTES), IL-8, and thymus and activation regulatory chemicals (TARC). Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important enzymes in cell signaling, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, and the pathogenesis of different diseases. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) translocate to the nucleus, binds to its recognized DNA element, and activates the transcription of the target gene. In the present study, we were investigated the effect of 70% EtOH extract, 6 sub-fractions, and 16 compounds from C. tricuspidata skin inflammation. Briefly, 70% EtOH extract decreased IL-6 and IL-8 production. And the sub-fractions from 70% EtOH extract of C. tricuspidata dose-dependently decreased IL-8 production in TNFα+IFNγ stimulated HaCaT cells. We also used to test on the regulation of skin inflammation by the 16 compounds isolated from the roots of C. tricuspidata in our previously study. Among the 16 compounds isolated from C. tricuspidata, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15 and 16 reduced IL-6 production, and compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 compounds decreased IL-8 production. Among the 16 compounds, the six most effective compounds such as steppogenin (2), cudraflavone C (5), macluraxanthone B (9), 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (11), cudraflavanone B (14), and cudratricusxanthone L (15) were selected for the further experiments. RANTES and TARC production were decreased by pretreatment with the all of 6 compounds. Cudraflavone C (5) and cudratricusxanthone L (15) were found to reduce the expression of COX-2, and all of 6 compounds inhibited ICAM-1 expression. Compounds 2, 5, 9, 14, and 15 inhibited NF-κβ p65 translocation to nucleus, however compound 11 was not significant. In addition, ERK-1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited by only compound 15 and P38 phosphorylation was inhibited by compounds 11 and 14. In addition, we were confirmed whether compounds 11, 14 and 15, which are the most effective among 16 compounds, are included in the extracts and fractions. As a result of HPLC analysis using compounds 11, 14 and 15, were included in CT-5 fraction. Comprehensively of all results in this study, 70%EtOH extract, sub-fraction, and 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (11), cudraflavanone B (14), and cudratricusxanthone L (15) from C. tricuspidata could be further developed as a therapeutic agent that suppresses inflammation in skin cells.|꾸지뽕나무 뿌리는 전통적으로 한국과 중국에서 사용되었다. 한국에서는 전국 각지에서 자생하고 있으며, 뿌리와 잎에는 항암, 항산화 및 저혈당 효과가 있는 활성물질이 포함되어 있다고 알려져 있다. 꾸지뽕나무 뿌리 껍질은 항경화, 항염증, 항산화, 신경 보호, 간보호 및 세포 독성 활성을 갖는 것으로 보고되어있다. 그러나 꾸지뽕나무를 활용한 피부염증억제에 대한 선행연구는 미미한 상태다. 피부염은 유전적, 환경적, 면역학적 장애의 영향을 받는다. 접촉성 피부염, 건선, 아토피성 피부염 등과 관련된 여러 피부 질환은 각질형성세포와 사이토카인의 상호작용과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 사람각질형성세포인 HaCaT세포는 여러가지 사이토카인 분비를 통해 국소염증 반응을 일으켜서 피부염증을 일으키는 세포모델로 널리 쓰인다. TNF-α와 IFN-γ에 의한 외부 자극은 염증 반응 전사 인자 중 하나인 인 nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB)를 활성화시켜 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 와 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)를 발현시키고, COX-2와 ICAM-1는 다시 사이토카인을 생성시킨다. 이때 생성이 증가된 사이토카인들은 다시 NF-κB 경로를 활성화시켜서 염증 상태를 증폭시킨다. MAPK는 여러 가지 외부자극에 의해 세포의 성장, 사멸, 분화 등에 관여하며 전사조절인자들은 인산화를 통해 여러 유전자들의 발현을 조절한다. 본 연구에서는 꾸찌뽕나무 유래 추출물1종, 분획물6종, 단일화합물 16종의 피부염증조절 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 꾸지뽕 나무 뿌리유래 70% EtOH 추출물은 HaCaT세포에서 TNF-α와 IFN-γ로 유발된 IL-6, IL-8 생성억제효과를 우수하게 나타났다. 이어서 꾸지뽕나무 유래 70% EtOH 추출물의 하위 분획물 6개를 제조하였고 피부염증을 조절하는 효과를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 하위분획 6개 모두 IL-8 억제 효과가 우수했다. 추가적으로 꾸지뽕나무 뿌리유래 화합물 16개[dihydrokaempferol (1), steppogenin (2), cudraflavanone A (3), cudraxanthone L (4), cudraflavone C (5), cudraflavanone D (6), kuwanon C (7), cudratricusxanthone A (8), macluraxanthone B (9), cudraxanthone M (10), 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (11), cudraxanthone D (12), cudratricusxanthone N (13), cudraflavanone B (14), cudratricusxanthone L (15), and cudratricusxanthone A (16)]를 선행연구로 확보하였고, 이를 이용하여 피부염증에 대한 효과와 작용기전을 살펴보았다. 먼저 HaCaT 세포에서 IL-6 생성억제 효과는 총11개의 화합물(1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16)에서 나타났다. IL-8 억제효과는 총 15개의 화합물(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)에서 나타났다. 이중 가장 효과가 우수한 6가지 화합물 steppogenin (2), cudraflavone C (5), macluraxanthone B (9), 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone(11), cudraflavanone B (14), cudratricusxanthone L (15)을 선별하여 다음 실험을 진행하였다. 먼저, HaCaT 세포에서 RANTES, TARC 와 같은 케모카인 억제 효과를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 6개 화합물 모두 고농도 처리 군에서 케모카인 억제 효과가 우수하였다. COX-2 발현 조절실험에서는 cudraflavone C (5), cudratricusxanthone L (15) 2개의 화합물에서 COX-2 발현 감소효과가 우수하였다. 또한 6가지 화합물은 모두ICAM-1 발현을 억제 하였다. 추가로 사이토카인과 케모카인을 조절하는 상위 기전인 NF-κB, MAPK 기전을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 NF-ΚB 활성 억제에서 IκB-α degradation억제효과는 cudraflavone C (5), macluraxanthone B (9)화합물이 우수하였고, IκB-α phosphorylation억제효과는 cudraflavanone B (14), cudratricusxanthone L (15)화합물이 우수하였다. 또한, 핵내 p65 전사억제 효과는 steppogenin (2), cudraflavone C (5), macluraxanthone B (9), cudraflavanone B (14), cudratricusxanthone L (15) 5가지 화합물에서 우수하게 나타났다. MAPK phosphorylation 조절 효과를 확인한 실험에서는 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (11), cudraflavanone B (14) 화합물이 ERK phosphorylation을 억제하였고, 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone(11), cudraflavanone B (14)화합물은 p38 phosphorylation을 억제하였다. 위와 같은 피부염증 억제 효과 및 기전조절 연구결과 가장 우수한 효과를 보인 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (11), cudraflavanone B (14) cudratricusxanthone L (15)가 꾸지뽕나무 추출물과 분획물에 함유된 함량을 평가하고자 HPLC 분석을 하였다. 꾸지뽕나무 추출물과 분획물 안에서의 화합물11, 14, 15의 함량을 비교한 결과 추출물에서는 매우 미량 함유된 것으로 나타났으며, 분획물 중 CT-5에서 화합물 14, 15가 함유되어 있었다. 종합적으로 꾸지뽕나무 유래 추출물, 분획물, 그리고 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (11), cudraflavanone B (14) cudratricusxanthone L (15) 화합물은 피부염증을 억제하는 효과가 우수해 향후 피부질환 치료 및 예방 천연소재로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.
Alternative Title
꾸지뽕나무 유래 화합물들의 HaCaT 사람 피부각질 형성세포에서 피부염증 억제효과
Alternative Author(s)
KIM nayeon
Affiliation
약학대학
Department
일반대학원 약학과
Advisor
이동성
Awarded Date
2021-02
Table Of Contents
Contents i
List of Scheme iii
List of Figures iv
List of Abbreviations vi
국문 초록 viii
Abstract x

1. Introduction 1

2. Materials and Methods 4
2.1. Materials 4
2.1.1. Plant materials 4
2.1.2. Materials for chromatography 4
2.1.3. Chemicals and reagents for cell culture 4
2.2. Methods 5
2.2.1. Extraction and fraction 5
2.2.2. Cell culture 6
2.2.3. CCK8 assay 6
2.2.4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 6
2.2.5. Western blot analysis 7
2.2.6. Preparation of cytosolic and nuclear fractions 7
2.2.7. HPLC analysis 8
2.2.8. Statistical analysis 8
3. Results and Discussion 9
3.1. The effects of TNFα+IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells 9
3.2. The cell viability of 70% EtOH extract from C.tricuspidata 12
3.3. Effects of C. tricuspidata on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in TNFα+IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells 14
3.4. The cell viability of sub-fractions from 70% EtOH extract of C. tricuspidata 16
3.5. Effects of IL-8 production by the sub-fractions from 70% EtOH extract of C. tricuspidata on TNFα+IFNγ induced HaCaT cells 18
3.6. Chemical Structures of 16 compounds isolated from C. tricuspidata 20
3.7. The cell viability of 16 compounds from C. tricuspidata in HaCaT cells 22
3.8. Effects of IL-6 production by 16 compounds from C. tricuspidata on TNFα+IFNγ induced HaCaT cells 25
3.9. Effects of IL-8 production by 16 compounds from C. tricuspidata on TNFα+IFNγ induced HaCaT cells 28
3.10. Effects of RANTES and TARC production by 6 compounds from C. tricuspidata on TNFα+IFNγ induced HaCaT cells 31
3.11. Effects of COX-2 and ICAM-1 protein by 6 compounds from C. tricuspidata on TNFα+IFNγ-induced HaCaT cells 34
3.12. Effects of NF-κB activation by 6 compounds from C. tricuspidata on TNFα+IFNγ-induced HaCaT cells 38
3.13. Effects of MAPK phosphorylation by 6 compounds from C. tricuspidata on TNFα+IFNγ-induced HaCaT cells 43
3.14. HPLC analysis of C. tricuspidata extracts and sub-fractions 48

4. Conclusion 53

5. Reference 55
Degree
Master
Publisher
조선대학교 대학원
Citation
김나연. (2021). Anti-skin inflammatory effects of compounds from Cudrania tricuspidata in HaCaT human keratinocyte.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/16833
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000359967
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 3. Theses(Master)
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