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Synthesis and Applications of Sequential Dip-Coating Processed Perovskite Materials

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Author(s)
무하마드 아드난
Issued Date
2021
Keyword
Adnan
Abstract
Recently, organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PrSCs) have received intense attention from the scientific community because of their marvelous breakthrough power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), making them propitious to conventional silicon-based solar cells. Hence, an intense research has been devoted for the development of an efficient fabrication methods for perovskite material layers in PrSCs research. In principally, the crystallinity, the surface coverages and uniformity of perovskite materials, particularly alkylammonium lead halide (RNH3)PbX3 (R= alkyl, X= Cl, Br, I), on the substrate are censorious for boosting the PCEs of the PrSCs devices. But, the fabricated PrSCs frequently possessed small active areas and suffered from the substrate size limitation by the spin-casting technique. Herein, we will present a facile, cost effective and environmentally benign approach to prepare efficient perovskite materials by simple dip-coating deposition. This study will readily demonstrate by all sequentially dipping of a ZnO covered TiO2 film in an aqueous Pb precursor solution and then in MAI or mixed halide MAI/MACl solution. This process is in contrast to the conventional spin-casting approach with detrimental organic solvents such as DMSO and DMF. We suspect that the perovskite materials fabricated from this process will exhibit a superior crystallinity, morphology and surface coverages even in large surface area substrates, which might be a step forward towards the commercialization of PrSCs materials. Also, the MAPbI3 or any other mixed halide perovskites formed by a Pb(NO3)2 and PbI2 may undergoes additional ion-exchange reactions with un-reacted Pb(NO3)2, even in the solid state, resulting in decomposition into the PbI2. We hope that by controlling all sequential dipping conditions, we will achieve a notable PCE for the PrSCs fabricated by using an aqueous halide-free lead precursor solution without spin-coating process, ensuring an environmentally friendly and low-cost manufacturing processes. |최근, 유기-무기 혼성 할로젠화 납 페로브스카이트 태양전지가 기존의 실리콘태양전지에 버금가는 광전변환효율을 보여주면서 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 이런 효율은 페로브스카이트 태양전지 연구에서 보다 우수한 페로브스카이트 재료 박막을 형성하는 효과적인 제조방법을 통해 구현될 수 있었으며, 주로 페로브스카이트 재료의 결정성, 표면 커버리지와 균일성을 조절하고, 제어함으로써 디바이스 성능을 향상시켜 왔다. 특히 alkylammonium lead halide (RNH3)PbX3 (R= alkyl, X= Cl, Br, I)는 페로브스카이트의 효율을 향상시키는 주요 재료로 활용되고 있다. 그러나, 현재 페로브스카이트 재료 박막형성 방법은 스핀-코팅법이 적용되고 있으며, 균일하고 우수한 박막층을 제조하는데 효과적이지만, 제한적인 기판크기로 인해 상용화기술에 난점을 나타낸다. 또한, (RNH3)PbX3을 합성하기 위해 PbX2 전구체를 이용하는데, 일반적인 유기용매에 난용성을 가지고 있어, DMSO나 DMF와 같은 인체 유해하고 독성이 있는 용매를 사용해야만 하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 학위 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 극복하기위해 보다 쉽고, 효과적인 딥-코팅 흡착공정을 적용해 페로브스카이트 재료 박막을 형성시키고자 하였고, 유기용매 대신 물을 사용하여 보다 환경친화적인 재료합성을 수행하였다. 물에 녹는 납 전구체로 Pb(NO3)2를 이용하였으며, ZnO 표면에 전구체의 딥코칭 흡착이 성공적으로 이루어졌다. 이를 통해 결정성이 높고, 표면 커버리지가 높은 (RNH3)PbX3 페로브스카이트 재료 박막을 합성할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 과정에서 Successive Solid-state Ion-Exchange and Reaction (SSIER)의 새로운 개념을 제안할 수 있었으며, 이를 적용하여 대면적의 페로브스카이트 재료 박막 합성 및 고효율의 페로브스카이트 태양전지를 구현할 수 있었다.
Alternative Title
연속딥코팅 공정을 이용한 페로브스카이트 재료의 합성과 응용
Alternative Author(s)
Muhammad Adnan
Department
일반대학원 화학과
Advisor
이재관
Awarded Date
2021-02
Table Of Contents
ABBREVIATIONS v
LIST OF FIGURES vi-viii
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) ix
ABSTRACT (KOREAN) xi

I. CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION Background 1-26
1.1 Energy 2
1.2 Renewable Energy 2
1.3 Solar energy 4
1.4 Photovoltaic 6
1.5 Solar cell overview 7
1.5.1 First Generation solar cell 8
1.5.1.1 Monocrystalline silicon cells 8
1.5.1.2 Polycrystalline solar cells 9
1.5.1.3 Amorphous silicon cells 9
1.5.1.4 Hybrid solar cells 10
1.5.2 Second generation solar cells 10
1.5.3 Third generation solar cells 12
1.5.3.1 Organic solar cells 12
1.5.3.2 Quantum dots solar cells 13
1.5.3.3 Dye-sanitized solar cells 14
1.6. perovskite solar cells 15
1.6.1 Structure of perovskite 16
1.6.2 History of perovskite solar cells 16
1.6.3 deposition methods of perovskite films 19
1.6.3.1 One-step methods 19
1.6.3.2 Two-step method 21
1.6.4 The bright future of perovskite solar cells 22
1.6.5 Issues to be addressed 24
1.6.5.1 Hysteresis 24
1.6.5.2 Stability 25
1.6.5.3 Toxicity 26

II. CHAPTER 2 Experimental section 27-36
2. Synthesis of materials 27
2.1. synthesis of methylammonium iodide 28
2.2 Synthesis of Methylammonium Chloride. 28
2.3 Synthesis of compact Titanium Oxide (c-TiO2) 28
2.4. Synthesis of mesoporous Titanium Oxide (mp-TiO2) 28
2.5 Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Sol-Gel Solution (ZnOs-g) 28
2.6. Perovskite solar cells device fabrication 29
2.7 Cleaning of FTO substrates 29
2.8 Preparation of compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) layer by spin-casting. 30
2.9 Preparation of mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2) layer by spin-casting 31
3.0 Preparation of ZnO sol-gel layer by spin-casting. 32
3.1 Preparation of Pb(NO3)2 layer by dip-coating method 32
3.2 Preparation of Perovskite layer by dip-coating method 33
3.3 Spin-coating of spiro-OMeTAD layer 34
3.4. Thermal evaporation of MoO3 and silver (Ag) Electrode 34
3.5. Measurements and Instruments 35
III. CHAPTER 3 Dip-Coating Processed Perovskite Layers from an Aqueous Lead Precursor for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells 37-54
1. Introduction 38
2. Results and discussion 40
2.1. Perovskite film formation 40
2.2 Decomposition behavior of perovskite film. 43
2.3 Characterization of perovskite film. 45
2.4. Photovoltaic performance 58
2.5 Large surface area perovskite films 50
3. Conclusion 53

III. CHAPTER 4 Dip-coating deposition of highly-efficient (CH3)3NPbI3_xClx based perovskite materials 55-71
1. Introduction 56
2. Results and discussion 58
3. Conclusion 70

VI. CHAPTER 5 – Conclusion of the Study 72-73

References 74

Appendices 89
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
조선대학교 대학원
Citation
무하마드 아드난. (2021). Synthesis and Applications of Sequential Dip-Coating Processed Perovskite Materials.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/16782
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000371190
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 4. Theses(Ph.D)
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