니체의 양심 개념

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the origin of moral value such as guilt, punishment and ressentiment, and their relationships with the idea of bad conscience. Nietzsche traces the origins of concepts such as guilt and punishment, showing that originally they were not based on any sense of moral transgression. Rather, guilt simply meant that a debt was owed and punishment was simply a form of securing repayment. He traces the different genealogies of conscience and bad conscience in Genealogy of Moral. Bad conscience grows as the 'sick man of ressentiment'. And He traces episodes in the evolution of moral concepts with a view to confronting moral prejudices, specifically those of Christianity and Judaism. At present, we direct our bad conscience primarily toward our animal instincts, but Nietzsche urges us instead to direct our bad conscience against the life-denying forces that suppress our instincts. Nietzsche's thinking on justice and punishment explores the motives and forces which lie behind moral concepts and social institutions. Nietzsche develops his own powerful critique of moral concepts such as responsibility and guilt. Nietzsche insists that punishment has quite different purposes and meanings at different times, so that any single explanation or justification isinadequate. Only with the rise of slave morality did these moral concepts gain their present meanings. Nietzsche identifies bad conscience as our tendency to see ourselves as sinners and locates its origins in the need that came with the development of society to inhibit our animal instincts for aggression and cruelty and to turn them inward upon ourselves. Nietzsche aims at freeing higher human beings from their false consciousness about morality, not at a transformation of society at large. Nietzsche’s theory is the value-system of the strong, good and noble person which affirms his own life and always tries to overcome his actual life, while the traditional ethical system consist of self-negation and the decadent values.