중학교 음악 교과서의 가창 영역 분석과 가창지도 활성화 방안

Abstract

ABSTRACT

An Analytic Research on Singing Area in Music Textbook of Middle School and Activation Plan for Singing Instruction

Kim, Jin Nam Advisor : Prof. Lee, Han-Na Major in Music Education Graduate School of Education, Chosun University

This study analyzed 18 2009 revised music textbooks of middle school focusing on vocal area to activate singing of middle school students. Also, in-depth questionnaire was conducted on 9 music teachers of middle school and 10 professional vocalists based on the analyzed singing instruction elements to investigate actual condition of singing instruction. Also, this study intended to suggest improvement points of vocal area suggested in textbooks and improvement direction of singing instruction of teachers. To this end, 6 categories among main contents included in textbooks as correct posture, breathing, correct pronunciation, vocalization, break of voice, and diaphragm were investigated through professional vocalization literature. Also, this study suggested the following vocalization contents and improvement points through comparative analysis on textbooks. First, it would be necessary to include effective explanation through illustration of standing and seated posture because correct posture is the most basic element that needs to be conducted prior to breathing and vocalization. Secondly, the most important thing in breathing is not thoracic respiration but abdominal breathing using diaphragm that containing the location of diaphragm and its action during breathing into illustration to explain the contents would help students to understand the concept easier. Thirdly, for correct pronunciation, it would be necessary to explain the location of pronunciation by including illustrations of mouth shape of ‘aeiou’ and location of tongue, and additional explanation on how to pronounce correctly by pronouncing consonants shortly but pronouncing vowels as long as possible would be necessary. Fourthly, vocalization would need to be explained with an illustration of vocal organs to raise understanding and including 2~3 basic vocalization etudes and do vocal exercises before singing musical pieces would be effective in vocalization instruction. Fifthly, teachers would be able to conduct more proper instruction when students understand their changed voices by including explanations on the period of voice change in textbook. Sixthly, the use of correct diaphragm terms in textbooks needs to be reestablished. Then, this study conducted in-depth questionnaire on 9 music teachers around 6 categories to investigate actual condition of singing instruction in school and to prepare improvement points. The contents are as follows. First, instruction on correct standing and seated posture need to be conducted because correct posture is the basic element for concentration level and positive attitude of students. Secondly, comfortable and relaxed breathing without tension is important that instruction on abdominal breathing through diaphragm, not thoracic respiration, needs to be conducted on students. Simple stretching for relieving tension or training exercise for abdominal muscles would be also effective in instruction. Thirdly, correct pronunciation needs to be instructed for students to know the mouth shape and location of tongue to sing as if talking by connecting vowels and consonants. Reciting lyrics would be effective for correct pronunciation because it is helpful in expressing the lyrics. Fourthly, teachers are instructing pronunciation in various ways and it was identified that there are difficulties in instructing the head-voice vocalization in many ways. Research on vocalization methods for easier and more interesting ways to learn vocalization would be needed by teachers. Fifthly, proper vocal training in comfortable range without stressing their neck is essential for students in the period of voice change. Also, wide range of music appreciation for emotional development needs to be conducted at an impressionable age. Sixthly, only 67% of teachers knew the correct term of diaphragm. Correct terminology of diaphragm needs to be reestablished. The following improvement points of vocal instruction were suggested based on the results of in-depth interview on professional vocalists. First, professional vocalists pointed correct posture as an element that needs to be conducted at first. They stated that it is important to maintain active posture in comfortable condition. Secondly, they stated that instructing students to understand comfortable breathing of muscular function during breathing in person is necessary. Thirdly, they said that having correct understanding on the location of chin and tongue and practicing correct pronunciation after seeing demonstration by teachers is effective. Fourthly, they stated that it is necessary to find proper vocalization method because there are various vocal instruction methods, and for the head-voice-vocalization, they said that students can hear and imitate the sound of teachers and learn slowly because it requires time. Fifthly, they emphasized the importance of vocal instruction that considers vocal range without stressing the vocal cords. Therefore, this study made the following suggestions. First, it would be necessary to include actual explanation of illustrations that took interest and understanding of students in consideration in explaining vocal elements. Secondly, vocal capability of teachers need to be strengthened for vocal instruction. Opportunity for professional training needs to be expanded through vocal music lesson of professional vocalists, vocal seminar for teachers, students, and vocalists, and programs as vocal training. Thirdly, it would be possible to motivate students about singing through wide experience and understanding through professional instruction by preparing opportunities for students to learn from professional vocalists.

Key words: middle school, music textbook, vocal area, vocal instruction, vocalization, breathing, break of voice, diaphragm