16세기 夢遊錄의 이념과 사회사의 관계

Abstract

This study speculated on the relationship between the ideology and social history expressed in ｢Namyeombujooji｣, ｢Anbingmongyurok｣ and ｢Wonsengmongyurok｣ in order to understand the effects of social conditions in the 16th century on narratives. First, to examine the ideology they contained, it was discovered that they parodied the situation of the time. ｢Namyeombujooji｣ criticized the evils of real Buddhism based on Confucian ontology and suggested the democratic governing view that kings have to govern their country with virtue. ｢Anbingmongyurok｣ described abandonment of political reality by the dreamer who was engaged only in reading as he thought there was no communication, which caused ideological conflict. ｢Wonsengmongyurok｣ described the problematic reality of the time by citing past events, and allegorically criticized the situation of that time as in the opposition of Hungu party to the Salim party and the spilt of Salim through fidelity of the four loyal subjects and general comments on the society by Haewolgeusa, as well as expressing the ‘desire to realize the transfer of the capital.’ Then, through the relationship between ideology and social history, the followings were known: At the time ｢Namyeombujooji｣ was written, Confucianism was not settled and shamanistic concepts and customs prevailed among the public and coexisted with non-Confucian elements such as Buddhism. In addition, the status and trends of royal Buddhism were very much worse, and as King Danjong was dethroned and King Sejo replaced him, the ruling party was rapidly reorganized and as Confucian ideology fell, society was extremely unstable. Kim Si-Sieup suggested Confucian political logic in ｢Namyeombujooji｣ that a king should govern the country with virtue and courtesy and allegorically criticized King Sejo who abandoned himself to despotism. ｢Anbingmongyurok｣ looked into the civil service examination, elimination of exploitation and creating order in country districts in reformative politics of the Salim party which was a direct cause of Kimyosahwa, focusing on Shin Gwang-Han following Jo Gwang-Jo. The Salim party's reformative politics pursued the establishment of a new governing order while having two-sided relationships with innovative elimination of convention and former systems. Because of the radical politics of the Salim Party with Jo Gwang-Jo as a leader, ideological conflicts between the two parties rose sharply. Therefore, Shin Gwang-Han who considered harmony of the two parties as a subject although he belonged to the Hungu party, had the attitudes of an onlooker and caused a lukewarm ending in a dream. ｢Wonsengmongyurok｣ described the fidelity of the four loyal subjects(Sayuksin) and the spilt in the society of high officials. From King Danjong' s restoration movement to when Lim Je wrote ｢Wonsengmongyurok｣, it discussed whether the subjects tried to restore the throne with fidelity. There were a few attempts to honor the fidelity the four loyal subjects showed by the Salim party who dominated the political situation after King Jungjong's restoration, but they were not accepted by government authorization, and were not considered as an important issue. Finally, King Seonjo intended to honor loyal subjects and patriots including Nosanun and Yeonsangun who were dethroned. Park Gye-Hyun, a government official, recommended the reading of ｢Yuksinjeon｣ to King Seonjo, convincing him that the Sayuksin were loyal subjects. However, it was a chance to judge them as insurgents. Therefore, Lim Je criticized the justification for abdication of the throne making an excuse of God's will through Nam Hyo-Won's revengeful spirit in ｢Wonsengmongyurok｣ and made their fidelity and desire for revenge known with an indignant tone. ｢Wonsengmongyurok｣ was designed to reveal the limit of society and spilt Sadeaebu society as well as the absurdity of the past. To sum up all this, the 16th century was an age of political strife when ideological conflicts between the Hungu and Salim were intensified. Literary people of that time needed an instrument called Mongyu(somnambul) to criticize the social problems of the time. Mongyurok accepted a biographical style and intended to show the social ideology allegorically through an instrument of fiction. Therefore, it was suggested that Mongyurok reflected the epic interest and intended to educate on ideology.