조선시대 풍속화에 표현된 음식 풍속 연구 -조선후기 풍속화와 오방색을 중심으로

Abstract

This study investigated the foods represented on genre paintings by Cho Young-Sik, Kim Hong-Do, and unknown genre painters. Although Korean Food culture history reaches back to Paleolithic Age, when the first nation was founded in Korean Peninsula, table setting formed it's today's appearance with various and splendid dishes in the latter part of the Chosun Dynasty. Not only indigenous Korean food culture formed its traditional way in the latter part of the Chosun Dynasty, but also was the transition period from long lasted feudal society to modern society and also was the period that economic base for modern era was set. Moreover, social measure of value moved from noble birth and political power to wealth. And arising academic movement known as Silhak, which means practical learning, improved civic consciousness by influencing cultural movement. Popular literature and paintings that express ordinary people's daily lives arose and emphasized on realistic expressions rather than abstract ideas. Especially emerging Middle Class double sided attributes, which both yearning for and criticizing noble culture, were presented in Sijo, Pansori, and Genre Painting which are important historical records for cultural studies in that time period. To conclude, food culture of latter part of the Chosun Dynasty that was expressed in the genre paintings, was directly related to survival to the ordinary people. Korea has distinct four seasons which cause regional climate differences and the differences developed local cuisine made of their own local products and therefore they show clear differences in tastes and colors of the foods due to separation in social status and classes. While foods in Kyong-Ki area are splendid in colors due to royal cuisine influence, foods in North area are light and plain. Today's food culture is not only for nutrition purpose but also seeking for better looking in table settings and its appearance. Interests in color is one of the factors that fulfill the cultural appetite. the food culture is predictable since it is basically stable, but also is steadily changing by passing from generation to generation. Korea has long history in colour related to the foods. It seems O-Bang colors began in Koguryeo and our food culture is based on the O-Bang colors. It is our duty to preserve food culture which is representation of ancestors' wisdom and to develop further with modern senses.