「そうだ·ようだ·らしい」의 意味用法에 관한 考察

Abstract

This report focuses on semantic usage of the frequently used the auxiliary verb which has meaning of infer in Japanese, especially ‘souda’, ‘youda’, ‘rashii’ and shown the specific relationship between speaker and information. The common meaningful feature of ‘souda’, ‘youda’, ‘rashii’ is not the format for the representation of objective facts. With external information, it expresses speaker’s forecasts, estimates, judgments, and subjective attitudes. It can be called ‘modality’ in linguistics.

The usages of ‘souda’ are description through observation of the target's appearance or attitude, uncertain estimating judgment, expectation·prediction about tentative·unconfirmed situation, just before, non-reality(not realized). Next, the usages of ‘youda’ are analogy, uncertain conclusions, and mode. Lastly, the usages of ‘rashii’ are secondary judgment, uncertain judgment, information transmission. By comparison with the ‘souda’, ‘youda’, ‘rashii’, in terms of speaker dependence, 'souda' and 'rasshii' were low, 'youda' was high. In terms of information dependence, 'rashii' was the highest, 'souda', 'youda' followed by, 'youda' had the lowest. In terms of information ever, it was found that 'souda' was a direct information, 'rashii' was an indirect information, 'youda' was a direct and indirect information. ‘youda’ showed the highest responsibility for the comments, whereas 'rashii' showed the avoidance of responsibility for the comments.