『磻溪隨錄』의 토지개혁론과 그 영향

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Land Reform Ideas of "Bangyesoorok" and its Influence

Kim, eunhye Advisor : :Lee jongbum, Ph.D. Major in History Education Graduate School of Education, Chosun University

Since the seventeenth century, in Chosun Dynasty, there had been lots of changes in terms of the politics, society, economy and ideology. Politically, there were a great deal of difficulties those days as party factions got severer than ever and socially, a status system began to be shaken and economically, the land were devastated. Ideologically, as the contradictions of Sungrihak, the major ideology in the early Chosun Dynasty were appearing, a new idea called Sil Hak came to emerge, emphasizing on practical aspects. Ban-gye Yoo Hyungwon can be regarded as the father of Sil Hak and he thoroughly presents his reform ideas in his book called Bangyesurok. Basically Yoo Hyungwon's 『Bangyesoorok 』consists of 4 copies of Junje, 2 copies of Gyosunjije, 1 copy of Yimganjije, 2 copies of Jikgwanjije and 1 copy of Nokjije and 2 copies of Byungje, and each copy has its own comment to support the validity of his ideas and is also made of sequels and Goonhyunje, which he died leaving unfinished. Even though 『Bangyesoorok』 didn't win any recognition from the world while he was living, after his death, it drew people's attention by the recommendation of Yang Deukjoong, Hong Gyehee, and Won Kyungha etc. and finally it was published under the supervision of Lee Mi, the Inspector of Gyungsang Province by the order of the King Youngjo in 1771, the 46th year in Youngjo Dynasty. Among his reform ideas in 『Bangyesoorok』, he put the most importance on Gongjunje and Gonguje and also he thought one's capacity is more essential than his or her social status. In particular, he considered Junje as the most necessary issue because he believed that Jungju of Ju, one of the old countries of China was the best land system. The reason is, as he judged, that Junje would be the key to resolve all the problems of a nation and a society as land was the main element to determine a person's income and wealth in an agricultural society. Therefore, he was convinced that land system would be the matter of fixing the unfair impose of taxation on land, labor and military service. Yet he thought of Gongjunje, regarding that Jungjunje, as it is written itself, can not be done on the land of Chosun though he believed that Jungjunje of Ju is the most idealistic system. For the reasons of it, first, geographical features are not flat enough to mark out the land according to Gongjun system, and, second, it is hard to deal with the method of paying taxes as crops produced by 8 families, who share farm and work together, and, third, since it is not a funeralism, some exact measures are needed to gather land and impose taxation on it. Especially he said ' Jungjun can not be exercised until it is necessarily accredited to feudal lords. so it identified that the political situation of Chosun, not feuderalism, is the main reason making it hard to exercise Jungjunje as it is exactly written. However, the contents of reform ideas in 『Bangyesoorok』 did not appeal to the country of Chosun, not fitting on the atmosphere of the time and also he had little political power to do that there were not any possibilities to be exercised in reality. Despite the fact that the reforms in 『Bangyesoorok』 were brilliant and expertly presented the ideology of Sil Hak, they failed to get over facing limitations. Although his reform ideas were not put into practice, it is certain that Yoo Hyungwon was the pioneer of Sil Hak and his reform ideas had a great influence on later times. It is presumed that his reform ideas afterwards had considerable influence on Lee ik and Jung-Yakyong who were the representatives of a middle-class farmer school and they also tried to sort out the matters of the society through land reform with the ideas inspired by Yoo Hyungwon.