日本語 受動文의 下位類型에 關한 硏究

Abstract

There are a number of studies on categories of passivity in contemporary Japanese, but as each sub-category has similarity and connection somewhat, the results are different according to what researchers focus on. This study examined the systems of sub-categories of Japanese passive sentences, focusing on the Possession passive voice on which researchers suggested different opinions. First of all, before the discussion on the Possession passivity, we compared and analysed the previous studies on what standards classification of Japanese passive is based on to clarify the types of sub-categories based on the previous studies. There is no single unified standard to classify passive, but it has been classified into direct passive, indirect passive and Possession passive in six points of view as follows: morphological view, semantic view, morphological and semantic view, syntactic and semantic view, and compromised syntactic and semantic view. Among them, this study classified sub-categories of Japanese passive into direct passive, indirect passive and Possession passive and identified the meanings and usages of the sub-categories based on the compromised point of view. For the direct passive, the number of corresponding dynamic sentences is the same as that of necessary components, and a subject in a passive sentence is directly influenced by a movement or action of a verb while an indirect passive sentence has one more necessary components in comparison with the corresponding basic sentence and the subject is indirectly influenced by a movement or action of a verb. Finally, the Possession passive has one more necessary components in comparison with a basic sentence, but as the subject of the passive sentence is directly influenced by a movement or action of a verb, it has both features of direct passive and indirect passive. Then, considering the differences in researchers' opinions on positioning of Possession passive sentences in the entire system of Japanese passive, this study examined how to classify Japanese Possession passive and its positioning, the definition of Possession passive and its sub-categories. First, in designating sub-categories of Japanese Possession passive, this study categorized it into two different types according to whether X and Z noun phrases can be separated and semantic correlations between them. One is a type where X and Z noun phrases can not be separated and the relations between X and Z are sub-categorized into the part and the side. The other is a type where X and Z noun phrases can be separated and the relations between X and Z are sub-categorized into possessions and the concerned. When the two types of Possession passive are analysed in a semantic aspect, as the subject of the former is directly influenced by a movement or action of a verb, it can be identified to a sort of direct passive sentence. For the latter, as Z is directly influenced by a movement or action of a verb and the subject is indirectly influenced, it can be identified to a sort of indirect passive. To identify what semantic relations are shown between X and Z noun phrases more specifically, this study discussed correlations of different meanings shown in X and Z according to presence and quality of X noun phrases based on an enormous number of data on the Possession passive collected through case studies.