한국 중소기업의 대중국 투자현황과 진출 전략에 관한 연구

Abstract

This research paper aims to analyze the current state of South Korean small-to-medium-sized companies' investment in China and to seek strategies to make successful advance into China. This study attempts to devise the ways for South Korean small-medium businesses to enter the Chinese market, but the research was conducted with the more limited research scope. In this research paper to seek strategies for South Korean small-medium businesses to make inroads into China based on previous South Korean studies, its analytic method is literature review. Thus, the opening of China's market and industrial structure as well as the characteristics of multinational corporations and South Korean companies in their advance into China were systematically summarized and organized, which provided the basis to find the strategies for South Korean small-medium businesses to make inroads into China's market. Therefore, this research paper first examines the elements essential to establish the strategies to enable South Korean small-medium companies to successfully enter China in order to provide the useful data for companies to establish investment strategies. For this purpose, this paper analyzes the changes in investment environment in China, the characteristics of Chinese market, and the views of Asia's leading countries that have advanced or plan to advance into the Chinese market and devise more specific strategies for South Korean small companies to make inroads into China's market. Most foreign investments in China were made by the countries in Asia and Pacific region and it was also found that a lot of capital was sent from Chinese descendents in other countries. Currently, primary investment countries are Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, the United States, and South Korea and they make up more than 80% of investment in China. The actual state of Korean companies'direct investment in China has shown a steady increase. In terms of types of industry, the advance focusing on small-medium companies for the utilization of inexpensive production elements, the average amount of investment for each case is relatively small. Also, the high percentage of manufacturing industry that makes use of rich resources and a large number of laborers indicates that the investment has concentrated on the labor-intensive industry. For Korean companies to successfullymake investment in China, this paper suggests the following investment strategies. First, the types of advance should be selected by thoroughly analyzing the investment environment in China, and specific strategies should be established with careful consideration of ownership strategy. Second, in relation to South Korea's investment in China, the reservation and cultivation of necessary manpower emerges as an important task n order to utilize the ability of professional management workforce. Also, it is important to promote the localization to enable companies to establish themselves in China. Third, through a consistent investment in technological development, Korean companies should be able to maintain its competitive power without losing its standing in competition with foreign companies residing in China. Finally, this paper deals with the considerations in making foreign investment with its focus on China, but the improvements are needed in terms of South Korea's direct foreign investment and relevant policies, which should be further examined in future studies. While it is important to establish investment strategies and to improve competitive power of companies for successful direct investment in China, as mentioned above, it is also necessary to strengthen the cooperation among South Korean companies and to secure sufficient support from South Korean government.