중학생이 지각한 부모의 양육태도와 자아정체감과의 관계

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between parental fostering attitude perceived by middle school students and their ego-identity by observing the influence of parental fostering attitude on the ego-identity of middle school students as adolescents. Sex, parents' educational background, and the state of employment of mother were investigated as demographical variables to determine if there were significant differences in parental fostering attitude and students' ego-identity by the demographical variables, correlation among sex, parental fostering attitude, and students' ego-identity. A survey was conducted with ninth-graders from a middle school in Gwangju in November and December in 2005; then, a total of 499 questionnaires were analyzed. The analysis was performed using the SAS Package Program. Reliability of the scale was determined by Cronbach α coefficient, along with such concrete analysis methods as frequency, percentage, the mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple regression analysis. This study can be summarized as follows: First, students had positive(affectionate, autonomous, achievement-oriented rational)perception of parental fostering attitude and the positive ego-identity. Second, female students had more positive perception of parents' affectionate, autonomous, and rational fostering attitude than male students did. Parents' educational background or the state of employment of mother had no significant influence on fostering attitude. Third, female students showed a higher rate of general ego-identity development, intimacy, and self-acceptance than male students did. Father's educational background had no significant influence on students' ego-identity while students whose mother was a college graduate showed the higher rate of initiative, one of the ego-identity factors. As for students' ego-identity by the state of employment of mother, students whose mother was a house-maker showed the higher rate of self-acceptance and intimacy, one of the ego-identity factors. Fourth, there was so strong correlation among sex, parental fostering attitude, and students' ego-identity. Father's fostering attitude had no influence on the general ego-identity for both male students and female students but affected each of its factors. Mother's fostering attitude affected the achievement-oriented attitude in the general ego-identity for both male students and female students and also had significant influence on each of its factors. On the basis of these results, the following suggestions are made. Future studies on variables affecting formation of the ego-identity for adolescents need to conduct wide-ranging sampling to make a comparative research by developmental stages and regions and investigate parents and children separately to examine fostering attitude perceived by parents and felt by children. It is also necessary to expand the range of variables to include such socio-cultural variables as school life, peer relations, and the mass media.