日本語의 間接受動에 關한 硏究 - 構文的·意味的 特徵에 依한 下位類型 分析

Abstract

Indirect passive voice is a corresponding concept of direct passive voice as one of Japanese passive voice sentences. This study examines grammatical structural and meaning characteristics of the indirect passive voice derived from sentences with intransitive and transitive verbs. In particular, the previous studies on meaning characteristics of indirect passive voice reported that the indirect passive voice sentence means ‘ being damaged’. However, they do not give specific explanation of why the indirect passive voice sentence has a meaning of ‘damage’. Therefore, this study intends to confirm that the indirect passive voice sentence has meanings of ‘neutrality’, ‘advantage’ as well as ‘damage’, and according to sentence compositions such as descriptive verbs, vocabulary of noun phrases or accompanying adverb phrases, ‘damage’, ‘neutrality’, and ‘advantage’ are differently interpreted. Of course, meanings of ‘damage’ and ‘embarrassment’ that have been defined as meaning characteristics of the indirect passive voice sentence by many studies have been questioned by the recent studies, which inspired this research. However, it was thought that the other previous research focused on examples of experimental or typical facts, not reflection of various phenomena on indirect passive voice. Therefore, this study suggests through analysis of sub-types that examples of ‘neutrality’ and ‘ advantage’ that are treated as exceptional in previous studies should not be treated as such. And this study defines that meaning characteristics shown by indirect passive voice sentences have something to do with a event or situation by being indirectly affected by the event or the situation. If the event is realized in real world, it can be interpreted as ‘damage’ or ‘advantage’ in accordance with how a subject or a speaker responds to it. However, to prevent expanded interpretation of depth structure owned by indirect passive voice sentence, this study tries to be faithful to lexicon meaning of descriptive verbs or noun phrases that intervene in meaning decision and contextual meaning of sentential components such as inserted adverb phrases. So, it found that there are examples that the boundary between direct passive voice and indirect passive voice, that is, common thing between both are intuitively felt. This study concludes that this indicates that Japanese speaker does not use the passive voice sentence through differentiation between transitive and intransitive verbs, neither the indirect passive voice sentence based on the ‘damage’ concept.