日本語 条件表現에 관한 考察 - 「と」「ば」「たら」「なら」를 中心으로

Abstract

This thesis separately compared and analyzed functions and used of TO, BA, TARA, and NARA which express conditionals in Japanese. The findings of this study are as follows. Conditional in Japanese can be described by the connectors such as TO, BA, TARA, and NARA. First, for its general ideas and types. conditional in Japanese can be classified into three categories --the subjunctive, definite, and general conditional-- which express a condition, as by the first clause in the sentence. These conditional expressions are similar in their meaning yet they have subtle differences at the same time. The subjunctive conditional is to suppose conditionals in something that happened before that materialized something that happens after. The definite conditional is that something that happened before is materialized already and also can be cause, reason, basis and motive in materializing something that happens after. The general conditional is when something that happened before is materialized, something that happens after is definitely materialized. That's why it is called constant conditionals which represent natural phenomena, truth and habits. Second, for the usage and function of expression of condition, 'TO' is used for not only the description of conditional but also other expressions. If the sufficient condition in the first clause is satisfied, the condition of the second clause is subject to be automatically accomplished according to the functional relationship between the first and second clause. The word 'BA' is used for the strong subjective expression of condition, containing cause or reason of the former clause. 'NARA' is used for expression of assertive condition, that will subject to occur, depending on not the order of time but the speaker's subjective viewpoint. 'TARA' is used to lead the confirmative condition or to assume a certain condition in which a person or things as the subject are on the premise that the condition of former clause is satisfied. that is to say, it plays a role to express the temporary assertiveness. Finally, the usages and examples of 'NARA''BA' and 'TO' expressing general condition and rational judgement, and 'TARA' expressing assertive condition are compared and analyzed, and the types of expressions of conditional are summarized briefly. We have studied conditional expressions based on precedent research. Through this study, we can learn that there's in part, some disparity between theoretical acknowledge and practical use.