시조에 나타난 전고 활용 양상 연구-김천택 편 『청구영언』을 대상으로

Abstract

There are many expressions based on authentic precedents are used in Sijo works, as well, but there are few full-blown studies on problems with the utilization of authentic precedents in Sijos. This study set out to review the utilization patterns of authentic precedents in Sijos in Cheongguyeongeon by Kim Cheon-taek and identify a couple characteristics in them, thus shedding light on their meanings. Before reviewing the utilization patterns of authentic precedents in Sijo works, the investigator first searched for methods to ensure their most rational classification. After reviewing thoroughly previous studies on problems with the utilization of authentic precedents in Sijos, the study pointed out the problems and proposed a new classification method for authentic precedents in Sijos based on them. The first round involved the major classification of authentic precedents into ancient events and previous examples. The second round segmented ancient events and previous examples further and involved the middle classification of the former into mythological and historical age-based ancient events and the latter into scriptures, history books, poetry and prose, and novels. The last round involved the major classification of mythological and historical age-based ancient events into figures and spaces. Based on these classifications, the study examined authentic precedents in Sijo works in six types, which included mythological figures, mythological spaces, historical figures, historical spaces, scriptures & history books, and poetry & prose and novels. The new classification method for authentic precedents was applied to Cheongguyeongeon by Kim Cheon-taek to examine the specific utilization patterns of authentic precedents. As a result, there were several patterns found in them: first, when authentic precedents were understood based on their biggest categories, ancient events and previous examples, it turned out that ancient events were overwhelmingly many; second, the number of historical age-based ancient events was much bigger than that of mythological age-based ones; third, figure(mythological and historical)-based ancient events were much more dominant than space(mythological and historical)-based ones both in mythological and historical age-based ancient events; and fourth, the most frequently used figure of mythological figures was Emperor Shun, who was followed by Emperor Yao and Fuxi in the order. Li Bai was used most frequently of historical figures, being followed by Xiang Yu, Liu Ling, Bo Yi and Shu Qi brothers, and Jiang Ziya in the order. Finally, the study reviewed the characteristics and meanings of patterns in each type in an analytical manner and identified the following characteristics: first, mythological figures were usually used to sing about the piping times of peace. That is, they were summoned to celebrate the present time that was the piping times of peace or criticize that the current world was far from the piping times of peace. Second, mythological spaces were usually used in works projecting human desire. Although there were various types of desire, the longevity- and success-centric desire was mainly depicted with mythological spaces. Third, historical figures were much used to discuss major issues in one's life history. That is, authors would summon historical figures fit for their songs about transience of life and rise and fall in history, their works about issues with settlement and taste for the arts, and their discussions about the value of life they sought after. Fourth, historical spaces were usually used in songs about the direction of conducting oneself. There would be inevitably close connections between the directionality pursued by authors and the choice of space to practice it, and authors utilized historical spaces to express and deal with issues of space choice. Lastly, in cases of scriptures and poetry & prose, the authors would adopt the essential nature of a book or work and utilize it as an authentic precedent. That is, this approach was the same as the way that certain phrases from Analects of Confucius, Chuang-Tzu, and Returning to Live in the Country by Tao Yuanming were used to talk about the truth of human beings, the truth of nature, and life in the country, respectively.