베이비붐세대와 밀레니얼세대의 노후준비 인식 비교

Abstract

Modern society is rapidly aging as the average life expectancy and elderly population increase due to the development of medical technology and science, the development of residential living environment, and the improvement of diet. The aging of this society poses a variety of problems. First, while life expectancy is increasing, the retirement age is being pulled forward, extending the post-retirement period. Second, elderly care costs are increasing as the number of elderly people to support is increasing while the number of productive people is decreasing. Third, the generational conflict is intensifying with the increase in the number of elderly people. The generational conflict is worsening the conflict over the pension system, jobs and stimulus values, and is even called a generational war. This aging and generational conflict also affect preparation for retirement, and the interest in generational conflict and preparation for retirement is no longer limited to the elderly but is a problem for Korean society. Nevertheless, the country's guarantee rate for old age is much lower than the average of OECD countries, and the level of preparation for old age is not recorded. Nevertheless, comparative study of age-to-generation awareness is very limited, and it would be meaningful to compare the perception of retirement arrangements between baby boomers and millennials and to identify the characteristics of the generation and the type of detail that follows amid escalating conflicts between generations. Therefore, in this study, we are looking at the Q methodologies to examine the perception of post-retirement preparation and the perception of Millennial Generation, which is their children's generation, which is a generation that is about to retire or start a new environment. This will be used as a basis for preparing measures to resolve conflicts among generations, designing future welfare policies for the future at the national level, and implementing policies that meet the needs of each generation. This study used the Q methodology to conduct surveys and interviews with baby boomers and millennials on the topic of 'What do I think is the preparation for retirement?' The procedures of Q methodology are performed in the order in which Q sample is selected → P sample selection → Q class → Q data analysis → Q data analysis is analyzed. For the selection of Q samples, 133 statements were collected through literature study and in-depth interview, and 60 populations were extracted after excluding duplicates from the collected Q population. The five topics were then categorized into economy, health, emotion, society, policy and others, and the advice of two experts with research experience was extracted from 42 statements that were selected by all three of them, including researchers, to be confirmed in a total of 42 statements. In selecting the P sample, the interviewee did not include those who conducted the interview at the in-depth interview, but the sample was extracted by considering age, occupation, religion, family members, monthly income, whether they were preparing for retirement, and whether they joined the national pension. Then, 37 baby boomers and 33 millennials were selected based on the principles of the small sample. The Q classification took approximately 60 minutes and the Q classification was performed on the nine-point scale using the forced allocation method. After classifying Q, the data that conducted the Q classification were coded and analyzed using the PQ Method program, and the analysis showed that the types of baby boomers and millennials were derived into five different types. The results showed that the factors for recognising the preparation for retirement differed somewhat depending on each type. According to the study, the type of perception of the baby boomers' preparation for retirement is five, and the Type 1 is 'unnecessary integrated preparation', Type 2 is 'stable preparation based on pension', Type 3 is 'income creation based on social participation', Type 4 is 'family, new, government, community share' and Type 5 is 'great support based on bookkeeping'. The recognition pattern for the millennial generation's preparation for retirement has also been identified as five types: Type 1 'sharp integrated preparation', Type 2 'YOLO life practice', Type 3 'sound preparation for each role', Type 4 'unconditional provision of retirement funds' and Type 5 'abnormal ideal'. There are five major differences in perception between baby boomers and millennials on the basis of typification: differences in perception of the blindness of post-retirement preparations, differences in perception of birth and marriage values, differences in perception of stimulus values, differences in perception of funding for old age and the need for post-retirement arrangements. Therefore, this study was meaningful in that we examined the types and characteristics of baby boomers and millennials' preparation for retirement, and discussed ways to address generational conflicts and future welfare design through discussion of each type and comparison of perceptions between generations.