노인의 흡인성 폐렴 예방을 위한 자가간호 도구 개발

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate self-care scales for aspiration pneumonia prevention in the elderly. Methods: The self-care scale was developed through the following 2 steps. The first step Is scale developmental stage. The self-care scales were developed through scale development and validation stages based on the Hertz & Baas model. Self-care has 3 components: knowledge, resources and behaviors. Item generated via literature review, review of existing scales and data acquired from in-depth interviews with elderly, caregivers, and medical experts. Those items were submitted to experts for consultation of content validity evaluation, resulting in 66 preliminary items. A total 66 items were generated. A total of 12 elderly outpatients reviewed the understanding and appropriateness of the questionnaire provided to them. The second stage was scale validation. The main study was conducted with 66 items using 5 Likert point scale. To test reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from the 403 elder at 20 senior welfare centers. Data were analyzed for construct validity and reliability. To test the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted. Result: As a result of construct validity, 3 self-care factors with 21 items were determined. Three factors were self-care behaviors (9 items), resources (8 items), and knowledge (4 items) with the explanatory variable of 51.7%. The reliability of the scale was high with Cronbach's α= .90. The developed self-care scales for the elderly established construct validity and had high reliability. It could be used for clinical nursing evaluation on the Korean elderly. Further research should be conducted to refine self-care scales.

Key word: Elderly, Self-care, Scale, Aspiration pneumonia