병원간호사의 잡 크래프팅 측정도구 개발

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a instrument to measure job crafting reflecting the specificity of nurse job for hospital nurses and to test the validity and reliability of it. Methods: In this study, construct factors were extracted and a conceptual framework was established by examining of a broad range of past studies and conducting Individual in-depth interviews with hospital nurses based on Wrzesniewski & Dutton‘s (2001) construct of job crafting and job demand-resources model. Under the conceptual framework, 64 preliminary items were constructed and a preliminary instrument tool of 53 items were completed after two rounds of expert content validity examination and item review. Furthermore, a pilot test was conducted by 20 hospital nurses to develop a scale composed of 53 item. From 15 to 30 September, 2018, a test was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. Participants were 471 staff nurses working in general hospitals over 500 beds and superior general hospitals located in Gwangju, Jeonnam. The Data were analyzed by SPSS win 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 program using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity(concurrent validity), and internal consistency. Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1. The study selected 36 item out of 64 item after testing the content validity, construct validity of a job crafting scale for hospital nurses. 2. Construct validity was evaluated using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Two items were eliminated through the item analysis. After the exploratory factory analysis for 36 item, 7 factors(nursing job value pursuit, active working attitude, nursing task support request, using professional autonomy, burnout prevention, maintenance of emotional support relationship, nursing role clarification) with 36 items accounted for 61.8% of the variance. The confirmatory factor analysis for the 36 items resulting from the EFA indicated that the theoretical model consisted of the 36 items satisfied all goodness-of-fit parameters(CMIN/DE=2.80, RMSEA=.07, NFI=.78, TLI=.80, CFI=.83) 3. A correlation analysis showed that hospital nurses’ job crafting scale and the job crafting questionnaire-korean(JCQ-K) had a positive relationship (r=.71, p<.01).The result strongly suggested that the standard was valid. 4. In order to verify the reliability, as a result of the measurement of internal consistency reliability Cronbach’s alpha, Cronbach’s alpha of the this scale of over all job crafting of hospital nurses was measured as .93. therefore, the reliability is secured. Conclusions: As a scale developed in this study consisting of 36 items on seven factors and validity demonstration, it is suggested that it can be effectively used to evaluate job crafting of hospital nurses.

Key words: Crafting, Job, Hospital Nurses, scale | 본 연구자는 문헌고찰과 병원간호사와의 심층면담을 통해 병원간호사의 잡 크래프팅을 측정할 수 있는 문항들을 도출한 뒤, 일련의 도구개발과정을 거쳐서 신뢰도와 타당도가 높은 병원간호사를 위한 잡 크래프팅 측정도구를 개발하였다. 본 연구의 개념적 틀은 Wrzesniewski & Dutton‘s (2001) 잡 크래프팅 구성요소와 직무요구와 자원이론을 바탕으로 64개의 초기문항을 만든 후, 2회에 걸쳐 전문가 타당도를 검증하고 20명의 일반간호사들을 대상으로 예비조사를 거처 53문항의 예비문항이 도출되었다. 자료수집기간은 2018년 9월15일부터 9월30일까지였으며, 연구대상은 G광역시와 J도에 소재한 500병상 이상의 상급종합병원 및 종합병원의 471명의 일반간호사들이다. 자료분석은 SPSS 22.0 프로그램과 AMOS 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인분석, 준거타당도, 내적 일관성 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과 7개의 하위요인을 가진 36문항이 도출되었으며, 누적설명력은 61.8%로 나타났으며, 7개의 하위요인에 대한 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 모델의 적합도가 양호한 수준이었다(CMIN/DE=2.80, RMSEA=.07, NFI=.78, TLI=.80, CFI=.83). JCQ-K와의 상관관계는 높은 상관관계로 나타나(r=.71, p<.01), 준거타당도가 확보되었다. 내적 일관성 신뢰도는 Cronbach’s .93으로 나타나 신뢰도도 확보되었다. 병원간호사의 신뢰도와 타당도가 확보된 병원간호사의 잡 크래프팅 측정도구는 실제 병원간호사들의 잡 크래프팅을 보다 정확하게 측정하고 평가하는 데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.