CHOSUN

Implementation of Beamforming Antenna for UWB Radar using Butler Matrix

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Author(s)
김선웅
Issued Date
2017
Abstract
기존의 UWB 레이더의 단일 안테나는 비교적 좁은 빔폭으로 인해 넓은 공간에 위치한 사물을 추적하는데 어려움이 있었다. 본 논문에서는 안테나의 빔을 전자적으로 제어함으로써 넓은 공간에 위치한 사물의 정보를 추적할 수 있는 빔 포밍 안테나를 제안하였다.
제안한 빔 포밍 안테나는 선형으로 배열된 1 × 4 배열 안테나와 4 × 4 버틀러 매트릭스를 연결하여 제작하였다. 4 × 4 버틀러 매트릭스에 사용된 기판은 유전율 4.5, 손실 탄젠트 0.0035, 두께 0.61 ㎜를 갖는 2개의 TRF-45 기판에 적층으로 제작되었으며, 전체 크기는 70.65 × 62.6 × 1.22 ㎣이다. 4 × 4 버틀러 매트릭스의 위상차 측정 결과는 각각 –45°, 135°, -135°, 45°에서 ±10°의 오차가 관찰되었다. 따라서, 제작된 4 × 4 버틀러 매트릭스는 각 포트마다 적절한 위상차의 특성을 갖으며, 출력된 위상은 선형으로 배열된 1 × 4 배열안테나의 입력포트에 인가된다.
제작된 1 × 4 배열 안테나의 이격 거리는 30 ㎜이다. 테이퍼드 슬롯 안테나는 유전율 2.2, 손실 탄젠트 0.0009, 두께 1.52 ㎜를 갖는 Taconic TLY 기판에 제작되었으며, 전체 크기는 140 × 90 × 1.52 ㎣이다. 안테나의 임피던스 대역폭은 1.46 ∼ 5.78 ㎓ 대역에서 –10 ㏈ S11 및 VSWR≤2를 만족하여 4.32 ㎓의 넓은 대역폭을 형성하였다. 또한, 안테나의 방사패턴은 특정 방향에 대한 감도가 높아지는 지향성의 방사패턴이 관찰되었다.
이를 통해, 4 × 4 버틀러 매트릭스에 출력된 급전신호는 1 × 4 배열 안테나의 입력 포트에 인가되며, 4개의 빔 조향 각을 갖는다. 제작된 빔 포밍 안테나의 빔 조향 범위는 3 ㎓ 대역에서 115°, 4 ㎓ 대역에서 최대 90°, 5 ㎓ 대역에서 최대 80°를 갖는다.
|The single antenna of conventional ultra-wideband radars has difficulty tracking objects over a wide range because of the relatively narrow beamwidth. This thesis is to prposed a beamforming antenna that can track objects over a wide range by electronically controlling the beam of the antenna.
The proposed beamforming antenna was fabricated by connecting a 1 × 4 linear array antenna and a 4 × 4 Butler matrix. The 4 × 4 Butler matrix was fabricated in a laminated substrate using two TRF-45 substrates, which have a relative permittivity of 4.5, loss tangent of 0.0035, and thickness of 0.61 ㎜; the overall size is 70.65 × 62.6 × 1.22 ㎣. The phase difference results of the 4 × 4 Butler matrix had an error of ± 10° at –45°, 135°, −135°, and 45°. Therefore, the fabricated 4 × 4 Butler matrix has the characteristic of constant phase difference, and the output phase was fed into the input ports of the 1 × 4 array antenna. The distance between each antenna in the fabricated 1 × 4 array is 30 ㎜. The proposed tapered-slot antenna was fabricated on a Taconic TLY substrate, which has a relative permittivity of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009, and thickness of 1.52 ㎜; the overall size is 140 × 90 × 1.52 ㎣. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna was achieved in the wide bandwidth of 4.32 ㎓ by satisfying -10 ㏈ S11 and VSWR ≤ 2 in the 1.45 ∼ 5.78 ㎓ band. Furthermore, the fabricated antenna has directional radiation patterns, which was found to be a suitable characteristic for location tracking in a certain direction.
Therefore, the signal generated by the 4 × 4 Butler matrix was fed into the input ports of the 1 × 4 array antenna, and the fabricated beamforming antenna has four beamforming angles. The beamforming range of the fabricated antenna has maximum values of 115°, 90°, and 80° in the 3 ㎓, 4 ㎓, and 5 ㎓band, respectively.
Alternative Title
버틀러 매트릭스를 이용한 UWB 레이더용 빔 포밍 안테나 구현
Alternative Author(s)
Sun Woong Kim
Department
일반대학원 정보통신공학과
Advisor
Dong-You Choi
Awarded Date
2018-02
Table Of Contents
Table of Contents

Table of Contents ⅰ

List of Tables ⅳ

List of Figures ⅴ

Abstract ⅸ

요 약 ⅺ

Ⅰ. Introduction 1

Ⅱ. Theoretical Background 4

2.1 UWB Radar System 4
2.1.1 Overview of UWB Technology 4
2.1.2 Configuration of UWB Radar System 6

2.2 Investigation of UWB Antenna 7
2.2.1 Types of Wideband Antennas 7
2.2.2 Types of Travelling Wave Antenna 9

2.3 Antenna Analysis Parameters 12
2.3.1 Impedance Bandwidth 12
2.3.2 Half-Power Beamwidth and Sidelobe Level 14

2.4 Review of the Beamforming Antenna 14
2.4.1 Theory of the Phased Array Antenna 14
2.4.2 Structure of the Butler Matrix 18
a. 3 ㏈/90° Slot-Directional Hybrid Coupler 21
b. 45° Phase Shifter 26

Ⅲ. Design and Analysis of Beamforming Antenna 30

3.1 Implementation of UWB Antenna 30
3.1.1 Design and Simulation Analysis of Tapered-Slot Antenna 30

3.2 Implementation of 4 × 4 Butler Matrix 37
3.2.1 Analysis of the 3 ㏈/90° Slot-Directional Hybrid Coupler 37
3.2.2 Analysis of the 45° Phase Shifter 41
3.2.3 Analysis of the 4 × 4 Butler Matrix 45
a. Analysis of S-parameters 46
b. Analysis of Phase and Phase Difference 51

3.3 Implementation of Beamforming Antenna 60
3.3.1 Analysis of 1 × 4 Linear Array Antenna 60
3.3.2 Analysis of Beamforming Antenna 62

Ⅳ. Fabrication and Measurement of Beamforming Antenna 65

4.1 Fabrication of UWB Antenna 65
4.1.1 Fabrication and Measurement of the Tapered-Slot Antenna 65
4.1.2 Measurement Configuration of the Antenna 66
a. The Impedance Bandwidth and the Radiation Pattern Measurement of the Antenna 68

4.2 Fabrication of Butler Matrix 72
4.2.1 Fabrication and Measurement of the 4 × 4 Butler Matrix 72
4.2.2 Measurement Configuration of the 4 × 4 Butler Matrix 72
a. Measurement of S-Parameters 73
b. Measurement of Phase and Phase Difference 78

4.3 Measurement Configuration of Beamforming Antenna 87

4.4 Object Tracking Test of Fabricated Beamforming Antenna 92
4.4.1 Configuration of Object Tracking 93
4.4.2 Object Tracking Measurement 94

Ⅴ. Conclusion 98

References 100
List of Publications 108
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
조선대학교 대학원
Citation
김선웅. (2017). Implementation of Beamforming Antenna for UWB Radar using Butler Matrix.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/13380
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000266504
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 4. Theses(Ph.D)
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