CHOSUN

Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing in Cognitive Radio Ad hoc Networks

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Author(s)
싱그 키쇼르
Issued Date
2017
Abstract
Cognitive radio technology has emerged as a promising solution to the low spectrum utilization that has had troubled the academia, industry, research and regulatory bodies for a long period of time. Routing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) is a challenging research topic primarily because of dynamic topology, intermittent connectivity, spectrum heterogeneity, and energy constraints. As a result, factors such as link stability, path lifetime, energy consumption, and adaptability to dynamic network scenarios are always questionable. More importantly, the implementation of an integrated approach to select the best route and the channel for the entire process is the crux of the whole routing process. Several routing protocols have been proposed so far in an attempt to best fit the requirements of cognitive environment. Nevertheless, they fail to cover up indispensable domains of these networks and, eventually, end up stressing on one of the aspects more than any other leading to some serious setbacks in the protocols themselves. In this thesis, an energy-efficient and robust multipath routing (ERMR) protocol is proposed by taking into account prominent design aspects of CRAHNs. The proposed ERMR uses the energy-efficient path to perform data transmission through the most stable channel evaluated in terms of the access duration which compliments to improving the longevity of the routing path. The residual energy of the node acts as selection criteria for the next hope node whereas the stability of the channel is taken into account for determining the complete link. The protocol is expected to prolong the lifetime of the network by preventing improvident energy consumption resulting mainly from route breakages, frequent route discoveries, subsequent route set up the process and the channel switching process. The simulation results prove that the proposed ERMR outperforms the conventional in terms of average network throughput, packet delivery ratio, average energy consumption per bit, and average end-to-end delay in both scenarios of varying traffic and node density.|인지 무선 기술은 낮은 스펙트럼 이용률 문제에 대한 새로운 해결책으로 부상하고 있다. 인지 무선 애드혹 네트워크(CRAHN)에서의 라우팅은 동적 토폴로지, 간헐적 연결성, 스펙트럼 이질성, 에너지 제약 등으로 인해 도전적인 연구 주제이다. 따라서 링크 안정성, 경로 수명, 에너지 소모, 동적 네트워크 상황에 대한 적응성 등과 같은 요소가 매우 중요하며, 최적의 경로와 채널을 선택하는 통합적 접근과 구현이 적극 고려되어야 한다. 그 동안 여러 라우팅 프로토콜들이 인지 무선 환경에 맞도록 제안되었지만, 상기의 다양한 요소들을 체계적으로 고려하지 못하는 문제를 안고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CRAHN의 중요한 설계 요소들을 고려함으로써 에너지 효율성이 높고 동적 환경에 견고한 라우팅 프로토콜(ERMR)을 설계한다. 가장 안정성이 우수한 채널을 사용하고 잔여 에너지가 많은 노드를 통해 경로를 설정함으로써 에너지 효율성이 개선되고 경로의 수명 또한 길어진다. 경로 단절, 경로 발견, 채널 스위칭의 빈도가 대폭 감소하여 에너지 소모가 줄고 결과적으로 네트워크 수명이 연장되는 효과가 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 의하면, 제안한 ERMR 프로토콜은 네트워크 전송률, 패킷 전달률, 비트당 에너지 소모량, 종단간 지연시간 측면에서 기존의 프로토콜보다 우수한 성능을 갖는다.
Alternative Title
인지 무선 애드혹 네트워크에서의 에너지 효율적인 다중 경로 라우팅
Alternative Author(s)
Kishor Singh
Department
일반대학원 컴퓨터공학과
Advisor
Sangman Moh
Awarded Date
2017-08
Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................i
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................v
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) ....................................................................................vi 한 글 요 약..........................................................................................................viii
I. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................1

A. Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks .........................................................3
B. Research Objective ..................................................................................7

C. Thesis Layout ..........................................................................................8
II. RELATED WORKS ....................................................................................9

A. Design Issues of Routing in CRAHNs ….……....................................12

1. Dynamic Topology …………..........................................................12

2. Spetrum Heterogeneity ...................................................................12

3. Primary User Activity ………………..............................................13

4. Cross Layer Interaction …..…………..............................................13

5. Common Control Channel ….………..............................................13


B. Attributes of Efficient Routing in CRAHNs ........................................14

1. PU Awareness ………..……….......................................................14

2. On-Demand Routing .......................................................................14

3. Cooperative Scheme ........................................................................15

4. Multimetric Routing ........................................................................15

5. Joint Path and Spectrum Diversity....................................................15

6. Energy Harvesting ………...............................................................15

C. Routing Metrics in CRAHNs ……………………................................16

1. Hop Count .........................................................................................16

2. End-to-End Delay …........................................................................16

3. Energy ……………...………...........................................................16

4. Bandwidth ………….......................................................................17

5. Route Stability ..................................................................................17

6. Energy Harvesting ............................................................................17

D. Qulitative Comparison of Existing Routing Protocol ............................18

III. SYSTEM MODEL ………………...............................................................21


IV. ENERGY EFFICIENT MULTIPATH ROUTING PROTOCOL ................25

A. Route Discovery .....................................................................................25

1. Route Request ................................................................................... 25

2. Route Selection ..................................................................................29

3. Route Reply ………………..……....................................................31

B. Route Maintenance ................................................................................ 33

V. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ..............................................................34
A. Simulation Environment ..........................................................................34

B. Performance Metrics ..............................................................................36
C. Simulation Results and Discussion ......................................................36
1. Analysis by Varying the Number of Sessions ..................................37

2. Analysis by Varying Node Density ..................................................40

3. Analysis by Varying Weight Factor ..............................................44

VI. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS ................................................48

BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................49
Degree
Master
Publisher
Chosun University, Department of Computer Engineering
Citation
싱그 키쇼르. (2017). Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing in Cognitive Radio Ad hoc Networks.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/13248
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000266262
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 3. Theses(Master)
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