통일 이후 안정적 국가통합을 위한 북한군 수용문제에 대한 연구

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A Study on the Accommodation of the North Korean Military to Facilitate a Stable Integration Process Offer Unification

Kim Young-Chan Advisor : Prof. Oh Soo-Yeol, Ph.D. Department of Military Science, Graduate School of Chosun University

Through the Post-Cold War period into the 21st century, international political·security situation changed rapidly and became fluid. Threat of all-out-war decreased between powerful nations or other nations after the Cold War, but regional dispute due to religion, economic benefit, nationalism, and territory increased and each nation is making sharp conflict for national interests. The Obama administration reestablished the central policy to the heartland of East Asia in military·political aspect for prosperity and security of America from existing policy which focused in the middle east issues and is pushing a policy, ‘Pacific pivot’ or ‘pivot to Asia,’ and Abe Cabinet of Japan is strengthening their alliance with the United States by claiming ‘strong diplomacy’ but is in state of political tension and territorial dispute with China. Japan is promoting the exercise of collective self defense on the grounds of their security environment, and they are receiving suspicious and wary look from neighboring countries by legalizing it in Sep 2015. China has been continuously reinforcing their military establishment under the name of modernization of Chinese military forces since 1988, reduced 8 military districts and established rapid reaction forces, and president Xi Jinping declared to reduce 300,000 Chinese forces and modernize it in the future. Behind the modernization of Chinese forces of the Chinese leadership, they are taking measures to resist America who is pressuring China with ‘Chinese Threat’, checking Japan who is reinforcing military establishment under the military protection of America, and moreover, it is a measure to secure hegemony of China in Northeast Asia and East Asia. Russia’s policy objectives of today in Northeast Asia are to participate actively in new reorganized international order, hold rearmament and powerful military of Japan in check, and at the same time, they are pursuing strategic partnership with China against America and benefit through equidistant diplomacy with North Korea, promoting pragmatic diplomacy called ‘New East Asia Policy’, and they are putting effort to secure national interests in reorganization process of new international order. Political conditions of Northeast Asia of today did not completely break the conflict factors of the Cold War but are maintaining unsteady condition, and military spending of Northeast Asia is exceeding the global average. This is because interests of the so-called four powers of the world as U.S, Japan, China, and Russia is sharply entangled while the cold-war conflict of the past is still in existence. Furthermore, Kim Jung-Un, who actually dominated the North Korean regime by getting selected as the chairman of the North Korean National Defense Commission in April 2012, has been promoting the hardline policy against South Korea as well as neighboring countries since the initial stage of his administration, is raising tension in Northeast Asia through three nuclear tests and a series long range missile tests from 2013 to 2016, and is making South Korea as well as surrounding nations very tense with unpredictable policy. The Park Geun-Hye administration of South Korea tried to enter the path of gradual unification with established mutual trust between North and South Korea regardless of the third nuclear test in her early days in office, and was actually pursuing the so-called ‘Theory of Unification Jackpot’ as a unification policy. Therefore, on the supposition that national unification of North and South Korea is the Unified Korean Peninsula that applies South Korea-led liberal democratic system and market economy, this study intended to analyze the problems of accommodating approximately 1.2 million North Korean People’s Army among the North Korean military force who is maintaining unprecedented national power and massive military force compare to the economic power during the military integration process that will inevitably occur when the situation emerges. The ultimate goal of national integration of the Korean Peninsula is to remove an act of violence by mutual heterogeneous political system of North and South Korea, and to create ‘safe community’ in Korean Peninsula by unifying various elements of national unification. Furthermore, the final stage of national unity is in reorganizing an ethnic community of 5,00 years of history. To do so, political, economic, social, cultural, and military integration need to be made mutually and organically, and the organic unification of each area will decrease wasted effort and unexpected risk in the process of integration and create synergy effect from integration. Military integration needs to be investigated comprehensively in political, economic, social, and cultural aspect because it is not an independent factor of national integration, and needs to be investigated in connection with various elements of national integration to make complementary and synergy effect. Moreover, the problem of reducing military strength of North Korean army and reusing the reduced North Korean armed forces can make a profound effect on many other factors as political, economic, social, and cultural integration. Therefore, this study will cover the main subjects as shown below based on the existing theories and research cases of national integration and military integration. First, this study intends to determine the current theoretical position of South Korea-led unification of Korean Peninsula and to suggest direction of unification of Korean Peninsula through studies on the concept of national integration that have been researched in science of international politics aspect and military integration which were investigated in military science aspect. Secondly, this study intends to analyze and evaluate the national integration process and military integration process of the three representative nations who accomplished national integration in 20th century as Vietnam, Germany, and Yemen and to investigate positive or negative effects of using absorbed military strength or adaptation of eliminated military strength on social stability after the integration to suggest factors that need to be considered and prepared in national and military integration process of the Korean Peninsula in the future. Thirdly, this study was intended to reconsider and draw distinct characteristics of division and history of integration of the Korean peninsula, analyze the difference between unification of Vietnam, Germany, and Yemen and unification of the Korean peninsula, and to investigate difference in national and military integration with North Korea from other existing countries by analyzing distinct characteristics of North Korean system and society. Fourthly, this study intends to suggest conditions of accommodating North Korean army for peaceful national integration and military integration from political and economic aspect, and to suggest reeducation measures of North Korean army and application plan in military, paramilitary, and nonmilitary area of non-receptive North Korean army after investigating the accommodation scale based on the findings.