국내 산업집적 외부성에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study aims to provide answers the questions related to the agglomeration of industrial activities in the regions and localities of the country. The questions we address here include the related issue of what the main factors that give rise to the agglomeration economies by industry and by region. The answers to these questions are expected to provide useful guidelines for the government in formulating industrial location programmes within the context of local development as well as national development in Korea. We discuss the purpose of this paper in chapter 1. In chapter 2, we introduce the notion of agglomeration economies, and classify agglomeration into two perspectives: static externalities and dynamic externalities. In addition, we review previous papers and explain the difference between this paper and these previous papers. In chapter 3, we introduce theoretical models on static externalities and dynamic externalities. Next, we explain the data that are used for the estimation of agglomeration economies. In Chapter 4, we estimate static agglomeration economies in terms of their effect on the industry-level labor productivity. In relation to static externalities, the specialization of an industry in a city helps knowledge spillover between firms and stimulates labor productivity of a particular industry and of a particular city. These are called as localization economies. Diversity of proximate industries may promote innovation and labor productivity rather than specialization. These are called as urbanization economies. Models are estimated using the fixed and random effect models, annual time-series data, and cross-sectional data, 1999~2014, drawn from data set by industry and region. The empirical evidence obtained from the models indicates that localization economies tend to work on manufacturing industries in Korea. This implies that static externaltities are obtained from industrial specialization rather than industrial diversification in Korea In Chapter 5, we estimate dynamic agglomeration economies for 1999~2014. Dynamic externalities is regarded as the “engine of growth” In relation to dynamic externalities, the specialization of an industry in a city helps knowledge spillover between firms and stimulates growth of a particular industry and of a particular city. These are called as MAR externalities. Diversity of proximate industries may promote innovation and growth rather than specialization. these are called as Jacobs externalities. In addition, there is an argument on the effectiveness of competitions within an industry. These are called as Porter externalities. To estimate the impact of dynamic externalities in Korea, the estimation is conducted using a data, 1999~2014, drawn from data set by industry and region. The results show that Porter externalities tend to work on manufacturing industries. This implies that dynamic externaltities are obtained from the competition within a particular industry and a particular city in Korea.