중국어'给, 跟, 在'의 범주와 의미에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to explore some characteristics of Chinese, 'gei, gen, and zai' in comparison with English and Korean verbs, and to represent their meanings by logical form. The traditional approach to the description of those words has focused on the multiple categorization based on the inductive method. Resultatively those studies gave neither the semantic description of the words nor the structural relations with other arguments. However, categorial grammar and event structure semantics, which I imposed here as a description tool, can provide the transparent formalization of syntactic relations and semantic characteristics. Traditionally Chinese scholars classified a word into the multiple categories. Chinese word 'gei' has been classified as a verb, prepositional, or conjunction depending on the syntactic or semantic interpretations. However, the word 'gei' represents a relation between their arguments regardless of their categories. Also 'gei' functions as an auxiliary verb as those in Korean. Korean 'cuta(give)' in 'pilli-e(lend) cuta(give)' and Chinese 'gei(give)' in 'jie(lend) gei(give)' are considered to have the same syntactic structure and semantic function, though the complex verbs 'pilli-e cuta' in Korean and 'jie gei' in Chinese are realized as a single verb lend in English. On the other hand, English verb give can be decomposed as V1 and V2 with respect to the arguments that the verb goes with. The Chinese 'gen' has been classified as a verb, a preposition, or a conjunction, but it is regarded as a pro-verb in this thesis. Since the preposition represents a relation between the internal argument and external argument just like a verb as the conjunction can be treated as a predicate of two sentences, I argue 'gen' is a pro-verb, whose function can cover those of traditional verbs, prepositions, and conjuctions. Also, with the help of the event structure semantics, I describe the meaning of 'gen' in a clearer way. Lastly I argue that the Chinese 'zai' in [zai + VP] be treated as an aspectual auxiliary that shows a functional relation such as functor-argument in the model of categorial grammar, while 'zai' in two different structures, [zai + NP] or [zai + NP + VP], is regarded as a preposition. I also argue that 'zai' in [zai + NP + VP] be a sentential adverb or a predicate adverb depending on the meaning of NP.