투어프로골퍼들의 어프로치

Abstract

Biomechanical analysis is useful for understanding the mechanism of golf swing because it provides quantitative data. Thus, the present study analyzed biomechanical factors according to distance change in the approach swing of outstanding professional golfers in order to provide fundamental data for the improvement of golfer performance. The research subjects were 8 KPGA-affiliated professional golfers who performed approach shots that put a ball into a circle with 8 feet in diameter from distances of 30, 50, and 70 m. Data were collected by using 6 infrared cameras, a ground reaction force device, and electromyography, which were applied to calculate biomechanical factors by using Kwon3D XP and Myoresearch. The calculated data were subjected to one-way ANOVA by using SPSS 20.0 with a p value of 0.05 set as significance level. According to the comparative data analysis results, we reached the following conclusions: First, elapsed time, stance width, variation of clubhead position, clubhead synthesis speed, and cocking angle significantly differed according to distance change during the approach swing. Second, clubhead speed was positively related with stance width and clubhead displacement. Third, ground reaction force significantly differed according to distance change during the approach swing. Factors before and after showed differences in other states, except in the impact state. Fourth, the activities of both extensor carpi radialis muscles did not significantly differ according to distance change. Meanwhile, the wrist extensor muscle had no effect on the increase in approach distance, and swing was performed by rotation of the upper body, not by the power of the arm. From the peak of the backswing to the phase that follows, the muscle activity of the lower body is increased with the swing along with the switch from the right lower extremity to the left lower extremity. For a successful approach swing depending on distance change, the activity of the elector spine muscle needs to be increased at the P1 position in order to accumulate torque, and the activity of the left elector spine muscle should be elevated along with the increase in distance at the P2 and P3 positions. From the present study, we drew several conclusions regarding biomechanical factors, ground reaction forces, and electromyographic factors according to distance change in the approach swing of professional golfers. According to these conclusions, we suggest that distance control with swing range is more important than power control in maintaining the accuracy and consistency of golf swing and are the most important mechanisms of golf swing.