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First Detection and Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from Mites and Candidatus Neoehrlichia from Striped Field Mouse in Korea

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Author(s)
Piyush Jha
Issued Date
2016
Keyword
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, PCR, Candidatus Neoehrlichia, mites, stripped field mouse
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Candidatus Neoehrlichia are mainly considered to be tick-borne bacterial infections implicated in human health. Only a few studies have reported mites as a possible vector for A. phagocytophilum. Rodents are discussed to serve as main reservoir hosts for C. Neoehrlichia but not for A. phagocytophilum especially in Republic of Korea. Analyzing the prevalence of both pathogens in small mammals and their ectoparasite mites in endemic regions may help to elucidate possible transmission paths in small mammal populations and between small mammals and mites.
In 2014, small mammals were trapped at three different sites in suburban part of Gwangju City which is located in the south-west of Republic of Korea. A total of 810 Trombiculidae mites and 14 Apodemas agrarius mice collected were analyzed. DNAs were extracted and used as templates for PCRs targeting fragment genes of groEL, ankA, msp2 and 16S rRNA for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia detection. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed.
In this study, 0.5 % of Trombiculidae mites and 21.4% of the Apodemus agrarius mouse samples were positive for A. phagocytophilum. Also, 28.57% of the 14 mouse samples were positive for C. Neoehrlichia mikurensis. The groEL gene fragments amplified in 50% and ankA gene fragments amplified in 78.57% of the 14 mouse samples for A. phagocytophilum respectively.
The total of 810 mites shows that Leptotrombidium scutellare (71.23%) is the most common mite species in this local area followed by Eushoengastia koreaensis (10.88%) and Leptotrombidium orientale (9.13%) respectively. An interesting co-incidence is that two mite pools which were collected from two different mice shows the presence of A. phagocytophilum. This fact suggests that there might be a possibility of mites playing a role to transmit these agents in nature.
The detection of C. Neoehrlichia in striped field mouse and presence of A. phagocytophilum in Trombiculidae mites as well as in striped field mouse indicates its circulation and the potential risk of contracting a human infection in this country. This is the first detection and identification of A. phagocytophilum from mites and C. N mikurensis from striped field mouse in Republic of Korea.|Background
Anaplasma phagocytophilum 와 Candidatus Neoehrlichia 는 인간에서 진드기를 매개로 하는 세균성 (리케챠)질환을 일으키는것으로 알려져 있다. A. phagocytophilum 의 매개체는 진드기이며, 털진드기가 매개체인 경우는 거의 보고되지 않았다. 특히 한국에서 C. Neoehrlichia의 경우 주로 설치류가 보균동물이라고 논의되었지만, A. phagocytophilum의 경우는 그렇지 않는다. 발병 지역에서의 작은 포유 동물과 거기에 기생하는 털진드기로 인한 병원균의 유병률을 분석하는 것은, 작은 포유동물과 털진드기 사이의 가능한 감염 전파 경로를 규명하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.

Methods
2014년, 한국의 남서쪽에 있는 광주광역시 근교의 세 개의 다른 장소에서 설치류를 포획하였다. 총 14마리의 등줄쥐를 포획하였으며 이들 등줄쥐로부터 810마리의 털진드기를 얻어 분석하였다. Genomic DNA를 추출하여, groEL, ank, msp2 그리고 16S rRNA 유전자를 대상으로 하여Anaplasma/Ehrlichia를 검출하는 conventional PCR 및 nested PCR을 수행하였다. PCR 후 얻은 증폭산물은 염기서열분석을 수행하였다.

Results
본 연구 결과, 털진드기의 0.5 %, 등줄쥐의 21.4%가 A. phagocytophilum 에 대하여 양성을 보였다. 또한, 등줄쥐에서 28.57%가 C. Neoehrlichia mikurensis 양성으로 확인되었다
등줄쥐 검체에서, groEL, ank유전자를 대상으로 각각50%, 78.57%에서 A. phagocytophilum 양성으로 확인되었다. 수집된 810마리의 털진드기(162 모음)는 Leptotrombidium scutellare (72.13%)가 가장 많았으며, Eushoengastia koreaensis (10.88%) 와 Leptotrombidium orientale (9.13%)가 그 다음으로 많이 수집되었다.
흥미로운 결과는 두 마리의 서로 다른 등줄쥐에서 수집한 각각의 털진드기모음이 모두 A. phagocytophilum으로 동일하게 확인되었다는 것이다. 이 사실은 털진드기가 Anaplasmosis전파에 역할을 할 수 있음을 암시한다.

Conclusions
한국의 등줄쥐에서의 C. Neoehrlichia 검출과 털진드기에서의 A. phagocytophilum의 검출은 환자에서의 잠재적 감염 위험성의 가능성을 시사하는 소견으로 사료된다. 본 연구를 통해 한국의 등줄쥐에서 C. N mikurensis가 확인되고, 털진드기에서 A. phagocytophilu이 최초로 검출 및 동정되었다.
Alternative Title
한국의 등줄쥐와 털진드기에서Candidatus Neoehrlichia 와 Anaplasma phagocytophilum의 최초 검출과 동정
Alternative Author(s)
자 피유슈
Affiliation
Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University
Department
일반대학원 의학과
Advisor
Professor Dong-Min Kim
Awarded Date
2016-02
Table Of Contents
LIST OF TABLES iii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS v
ABSTRACT viii
한 글 요 약 x
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Basis of this study 1
1.2 Aim of this study 1
1.3 Anaplasmosis 2
1.3.1 Bacteria 2
1.3.2 Direct Identification 3
1.3.3 Poylmerase chain reaction (PCR) and Cultivation 3
1.3.4 Serology 4
1.3.5 Pathology 4
1.3.6 Anaplasma phagocytophilum prevalence in ROK 4
1.4 Neoehrlichiosis 5
1.4.1 Bacteria 5
1.4.2 Diagnosis 5
1.4.3 Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis prevalence in ROK 6
2 Materials and Methods 6
2.1 Study sites and collection of mice and mites 6
2.2 Identification of collected mice and mites 7
2.3 DNA extraction from mites and pooling of the sample 7
2.4 DNA extraction from mice spleen and kidney samples 8
2.5 PCR amplifications 8
2.6 Nucleotide sequencing 8
2.7 Phylogenetic analysis 9
3 Results 9
3.1 Nested PCR for groEL of mites sample 10
3.2 Nested PCR for groEL of mice organs 10
3.3 Nested PCR for ankA of mice organ 10
3.4 Nested PCR for16S rRNA with mice organs 11
3.5 Nested PCR for 16S rRNA with mice organ (Primers specific for C. Neoehrlichia) 11
3.6 Phylogenetic tree 11
4 Discussion 12
5 Conclusion 18
6 References 37
Acknowledgements 45
Degree
Master
Publisher
Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University
Citation
Piyush Jha. (2016). First Detection and Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from Mites and Candidatus Neoehrlichia from Striped Field Mouse in Korea.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/12600
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000265185
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 3. Theses(Master)
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