Phylogeny, distribution and evolution of the filamentous Red Algae: Polysiphonia sensu lato (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
- Author(s)
- Danilo Edson Bustamante Mostajo
- Issued Date
- 2015
- Abstract
- The genus Polysiphonia sensu lato is widely distributed in tropical, warm-temperature, cold-temperate, and subantarctic regions including mangrove habitats and estuaries. Our morphological and molecular analyses of 1088 specimens of Polysiphonia sensu lato (Tribe Polysiphonieae) col-lected from 156 different localities around 16 countries during twelve years (2003-2015) revealed that Polysiphonia sensu lato (Tribe Polysiphonieae) is composed of 17 genera (Boergeseniella, Brongniartella, Bryocladia, Diplocladia, Dorsisiphonia, Enelittosiphonia, Hapterosiphonia, Lam-pisiphonia, Leptosiphonia, Lophosiphonia, Neosiphonia, Neostreblocladia, Phillipsiphonia, Po-lyostea, Polysiphonia sensu stricto, Streblocladia, Tolypiocladia, Vertebrata). Five of these genera were segregated as new genera (Dorsisiphonia, Hapterosiphonia, Neostreblocladia, Phillipsipho-nia, Wilsonosiphonia), two were enlarged (Brongniartella, Leptosiphonia), and one was resurrected (Polyostea) on the basis of diagnostic features and high bootstrap values of Maximum likelihood and posterior probabilities of Bayesian analyses. Also, 16 new species and 34 new combinations have been proposed among Polysiphonia sensu lato on the basis of morphological and molecular analyses of rbcL and cox1 locus. Moreover, Neosiphonia species have been segregated based on the three-celled carpogonial branches. Of them, a group of species having four pericentral cells and cortication, namely, N. harveyi complex is composed of six species. We sequenced genes from plastid (rbcL) and mitochondrial (cox1) genomes to examine the phylogeny, species status, biogeography, and evolution of specimens belonging to this complex collected worldwide. Our data strongly support two species within this complex: N. harveyi and “P. strictissima”. The first species is composed of six genetic taxa described here as subspecies on the basis of DNA-based delimitation models. We also estimated the divergence time of these species using substitution rates of combined rbcL and cox1 data sets. We confirm that the centre of diversity and origin is the East Asia (Korea and Japan) and that these species were originated around 700000 years ago and their migration from the eastern Asia to the north Atlantic likely took place through an ice-free Arctic Ocean before the first widespread Pleistocene glaciations in Iceland. In contrast to these ideas, some polysiphonous species have been considered as invasive or introduced species and our study demonstrated the wide distribution of Neosiphonia harveyi subsp. harveyi, Neosiphonia harveyi subsp. japonica, Neosiphonia echinata, Pterosiphonia arenosa, and Womersleyella indica sp. nov.|붉은실속 (Polysiphonia) sensu lato는 열대, 온대, 한대지역에서 남극에 가까운 지역, 그리고 맹그로브 (mangrove)가 서식하고 있는 담해수 지역까지도 매우 광범위 하게 분포하고 있는 그룹이다. 2003년부터 2015년까지 총 16개국, 156개의 채집지로부터 채집된 1088개의 붉은실속 (Polysiphonia) sensu lato 샘플들을 형태적, 분자적 연구를 수행한 결과 이들은 총 15개의 속으로 분류되었다 (Boergeseniella, Bryocladia, Diplocladia, Dorsisiphonia, Hapterosiphonia, Lampisiphonia, Lepto-siphonia, Neosiphonia, Neostreblocladia, Phillipsiphonia, Polyostea, Polysipho-nia sensu stricto, Streblocladia, Tolypiocladia, Vertebrata, Wilsonosiphonia). 이 중 형태학적 특징들과 분자분석 방법의 최대우도추정법 (Maximum likelihood)과 베이시안 네트워크 분석 (Bayesian analyses)의 높은 bootstrap value에 기반하여 Dorsisiphonia, Hapterosiphonia, Neostreblocladia, Phillipsiphonia, Wilsonosi-phonia 5개의 속이 신속으로 추가되었고, 식별형질이 명확하지 않았던 Leptosiphonia 속의 형질들을 추가하여 속의 범위를 더 광범위하게 한정하였고, Polystea 속을 다시 부활시켰다. 따라서, Polysiphonia sensu lato 그룹 내에서 총 16개의 신종과 31개의 new combination을 제안하였다. Neosiphonia 속은 3개의 세포로 구성된 조과사를 가진다는 점에서 Polysiphonia 속으로부터 분리되었다. 그 중, 4개의 주심세포와 피층세포를 가지는 6개의 Neosiphonia 종들은 Neosiphonia harveyi complex 그룹으로 보고 되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 형태적으로 종을 구분하는 뚜렷한 형질은 나타나지 않지만 유전적인 염기서열 사이에서는 뚜렷이 구분되는 이 종들의 분류학적 위치를 규명하고 그 종들의 진화를 연구하기 위해 전 세계에서 채집된 Neosiphonia harveyi complex에 속하는 표본들을 엽록체의 rbcL 유전자와 미토콘드리아의 cox1 유전자로 염기서열을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 종 수준으로는 N. harveyi와 “P. strictissima” 두 종이 Neosiphonia harveyi complex 내에 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다. 유전적으로 6개의 분류군으로 구성되었던 N. harveyi는 DNA-based delimitation models 분석방법에 의해 아종 (subspecies)의 범위로 한정하였다. 또한, rbcL과 cox1의 염기서열 자료의 치환비율을 이용하여 이들 종들이 계통지리학적으로 언제, 어디에서 기원하였는지 알아보기 위하여 divergence time을 측정해 본 결과, 이 종들은 Iceland에서 홍적세 빙기가 널리 퍼지기 이전인 무빙극 시대였던 약 700,000년 전에 동아시아 (한국과 일본)로부터 기원하여 북대서양으로 이동을 한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과에 반해, 몇몇 Polysiphonia와 같은 종들은 외래종이나 도입종으로써 인식되어 왔고 본 연구에서 Neosiphonia haveryi subsp. harveyi, Neosiphonia harveyi subsp. japonica, Neosiphonia echinata, Pterosiphonia arenosa, Womersleyella indica sp. nov. 는 전 세계적으로 널리 분포한다는 것을 입증하였다.
- Alternative Title
- 홍조류 붉은실속 (Polysiphonia sensu lato)의 계통, 분포 및 진화에 관한 연구
- Alternative Author(s)
- Danilo Edson Bustamante Mostajo
- Affiliation
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University
- Department
- 일반대학원 생명과학
- Advisor
- Cho Tae Oh
- Awarded Date
- 2016-02
- Table Of Contents
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ix
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF TABLES lix
I. INTRODUCTION 1
1. History of the genera considered under synonymy of Polysiphonia 3
2. History of the taxonomical changes and additions in Polysiphonia 4
3. History of the of the molecular studies in Polysiphonia 6
4. Objectives 7
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 11
1. Morphological examination 12
2. Molecular analyses 12
2.1. DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing 12
2.2. Phylogenetic analyses 13
3. Biogeographic and evolutionary analyses 14
3.1. DNA-based species delimitation methods 14
3.2. Estimation of divergence time 15
3.3. Haplotype networks 15
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 18
PART 1. SYSTEMATIC OF POLYSIPHONIA SENSU LATO (RHODOMELA-CEAE, RHODOPHYTA) 18
Morphology and phylogenetic framework of Polysiphonia sensu lato 19
1. Vegetative structures 19
2. Reproductive structures 26
3. Phylogenetic framework 28
PART 2. TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY OF POLYSIPHONIA SENSU LA-TO (RHODOMELACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) 39
CHAPTER 1. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Hapterosiphonia gen. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 40
1. Morphological analyses 41
Hapterosiphonia D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won, S. Fredericq et T.O. Cho gen. nov. 41
Hapterosiphonia paniculata (Montagne) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won, S. Fredericq et T.O. Cho subsp. paniculata comb. nov. .. 42
Hapterosiphonia paniculata (Montagne) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won, S. Fredericq et T.O. Cho subsp. tapinocarpa comb. nov. 45
Hapterosiphonia confusa (Hollenberg) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won, S. Fredericq et T.O. Cho comb. nov. . 48
Hapterosiphonia sabulosia (B. Kim et M.S. Kim) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won, S. Fredericq et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 50
2. Phylogenetic analyses 51
3. Discussion 51
CHAPTER 2. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Leptosiphonia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 65
1. Morphological analyses 67
Leptosiphonia Kylin emend. D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho 67
Leptosiphonia brodiei (Dillwyn) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 68
Leptosiphonia elongata (Hudson) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. . 71
Leptosiphonia platensis D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. 73
Leptosiphonia virgata (C. Agardh) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 76
2. Phylogenetic analyses 78
3. Discussion 79
CHAPTER 3. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Neosiphonia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 94
1. Morphological analyses 95
Neosiphonia apiculata (Hollenberg) Masuda et Kogame 97
Neosiphonia baliana D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho 99
Neosiphonia blandii (Harvey) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. . 101
Neosiphonia coacta (C.K. Tseng) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 103
Neosiphonia cockeri (Hollenberg) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 105
Neosiphonia ecuatoriana D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. 107
Neosiphonia gorgoniae (Harvey) S.M. Guimarães et M.T. Fujii 110
Neosiphonia indonesiana D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. 112
Neosiphonia infestans (Harvey) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 115
Neosiphonia mancorensis D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. 116
Neosiphonia notoensis (Segi) M.S. Kim et I.K. Lee. 119
Neosiphonia peruviensis D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho 121
Neosiphonia pseudovillum (Hollenberg) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 124
Neosiphonia pulvinata f. parvula (Heydrich) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. . 125
Neosiphonia ramireziae D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho 127
Neosiphonia silvae D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho 130
Neosiphonia strictissima (J.D. Hooker et Harvey) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 131
Neosiphonia sudafricana D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. 134
Neosiphonia sungminbooi D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. 136
Neosiphonia tuticorinensis (Børgesen) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 139
Neosiphonia unguiformis (Børgesen) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 141
Neosiphonia yendoi (Segi) M.S. Kim et I.K. Lee 143
2. Phylogenetic analyses 146
3. Discussion 146
CHAPTER 4. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Polyostea (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 194
1. Morphological analyses 195
Polyostea Donati 195
Polyostea bipinnata (Postels et Rupr.) Rupr. 196
Polyostea gracilis (Kylin) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. . 198
2. Phylogenetic analyses . 199
3. Discussion 200
CHAPTER 5. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Polysiphonia sensu stricto (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 209
1. Morphological analyses 210
Bryocladia F. Schmitz 211
Bryocladia cuspidata (J. Agardh) De Toni 211
Dorsisiphonia D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho gen. nov. 212
Dorsisiphonia freshwateri (D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. . 213
Dorsisiphonia parvula (Suhr ex Kützing) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 216
Dorsisiphonia utricularis (Zanardini) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 217
Dorsisiphonia villum (J. Agardh) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 219
Neostreblocladia D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won, et T.O. Cho gen. nov. 222
Neostreblocladia spicata (M.A. Howe) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 222
Neostreblocladia thwaitesii (Harvey ex J.Agardh) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 225
Phillipsiphonia D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won, et T.O. Cho gen. nov. 226
Phillipsiphonia camptoclada (Montagne) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 227
Polysiphonia Greville 230
Polysiphonia dokdoensis D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho 230
Polysiphonia koreana D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho 233
Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey 235
Polysiphonia pacifica Hollenberg 237
Polysiphonia stricta Hollenberg 239
Polysiphonia ulleungensis D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho 241
Species of uncertain status belonging to Polysiphonia 243
Polysiphonia scopulorum Harvey 243
Polysiphonia peruana D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. 245
2. Phylogenetic analyses 247
3. Discussion 248
CHAPTER 6. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Tolypiocladia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 284
1. Morphological analyses 285
Tolypiocladia F. Schmitz 285
Tolypiocladia calodictyon (Harvey ex Kützing) P.C. Silva 285
Tolypiocladia glomerulata (C. Agardh) F. Schmitz . 287
2. Phylogenetic analyses 289
3. Discussion 290
CHAPTER 7. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Wilsonosiphonia gen. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 297
1. Morphological analyses 298
Wilsonosiphonia D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho gen. nov. 298
Wilsonosiphonia fujiiae D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. . 298
Wilsonosiphonia howei (Hollenberg) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 300
2. Phylogenetic analyses 302
3. Discussion 303
CHAPTER 8. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the multipericentral group: genera Boergeseniella, Brongniartella, Enelittosiphonia, "Polysiphonia", and Vertebrata (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 318
1. Morphological analyses 319
Boergeseniella Kylin 319
Boergeseniella fruticulosa (Wulfen) Kylin . 320
Boergeseniella thuyoides (Harvey) Kylin . 322
Brongniartella Bory 323
Brongniartella australis (C. Agardh) F.Schmitz . 324
Brongniartella byssoides (Goodenough et Woodward) F. Schmitz . 326
Brongniartella fucoides (Hudson) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 328
Brongniartella isogona (Harvey) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 331
Enelittosiphonia Segi 334
Enelittosiphonia hendryi (N.L. Gardner) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. 334
Polysiphonia Greville 336
Polysiphonia curta Montagne 336
Polysiphonia decipiens Montagne 339
Vertebrata S.F. Gray 341
Vertebrata lanosa (Linnaeus) T.A. Christensen 342
2. Phylogenetic analyses 344
3. Discussion 345
CHAPTER 9. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the multipericentral group: genus Diplocladia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 368
1. Morphological analyses 369
Diplocladia Kylin 369
Diplocladia patersonis (Sonder) Kylin. 370
Diplocladia ericoides (Harvey) D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho comb. nov. . 371
2. Phylogenetic analyses 373
3. Discussion 373
CHAPTER 10. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the "Neosiphonia echinata" clade (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 384
1. Morphological analyses 385
Neosiphonia echinata (Harvey) N. Mamoozadeh et D.W. Freshwater 385
2. Phylogenetic analyses 387
3. Discussion 388
CHAPTER 11. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Womersleyella indica sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 397
1. Morphological analyses 398
Womersleyella indica D.E. Bustamante, B.Y. Won et T.O. Cho sp. nov. 398
2. Phylogenetic analyses 400
3. Discussion 400
PART 3. BIOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION 408
CHAPTER 1. Biogeography and evolution of the Neosiphonia harveyi complex 409
1. Results 411
1.1. Phylogenetic analyses 411
1.2. Delimiting Neosiphonia species 411
1.3. Estimation of divergence time and phylogeographic analyses in Neosiphonia 412
2. Discussion 412
2.1. Phylogenetic analyses 412
2.2. Delimiting Neosiphonia species 414
2.3 Estimation of divergence time and phylogeographic analyses in Neosiphonia 417
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS 433
REFERENCES 438
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 467
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 469
- Degree
- Doctor
- Publisher
- Chosun University Graduate School
- Citation
- Danilo Edson Bustamante Mostajo . (2015). Phylogeny, distribution and evolution of the filamentous Red Algae: Polysiphonia sensu lato (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta).
- Type
- Dissertation
- URI
- https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/12578
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000265209
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