화순 도산유적의 중기구석기시대 문화층의 찍개 연구

Abstract

The Dosan Site has four cultural layers from the Middle Paleolithic to the Upper Paleolithic. As Cultural Layers 1 and 2 of the site show cultural aspects of the late period of the Middle Paleolithic, they were selected as subjects for this study. The dates of each cultural layer were reported as follows; The date of Cultural Layer 1 was 61.38± 3.041ka, that of Layer 2 was 53.00± 4.11ka, that of the Layer 3 was 46.08± 1.72ka, and that of the Layer 4 was 28.10± 1.95ka. This study analysed 29 and 32 choppers excavated from Layers 1 and 2 respectively. Based on results obtained here, the differences between the two layers and the reasons for them were examined. Then, through a comparison with four layers at the Daejeon Yonghodong paleolithic site and based on the results of the analysis, it hoped to identify the specific characteristics of the Dosan Site. The paleolithic people of Cultural Layer 1 at the Dosan Site found round quartzite pebbles and made choppers with an average size of 133× 90× 58mm and an average weight of 765g. Using direct percussion, one or both sides were chopped two times and a chopper with a lateral cutting edge was created. To make a chopper, the material was flaked from right to left, and to make a chopping-tool, both sides of the material were alternatively flaked to create almost half of the body. To examine the characteristics of its cutting edge, the material was trimmed to make a rectilinear cutting edge, and in addition to the cutting edge of the choppers, piquetages d'ecrasement of the body that were used remained on pebbles and some of their forms were oval. The length of the cutting edge was 50~79mm, and the angle was over 71°, sharp. The paleolithic people of Cultural Layer 2 found angular square quartzite pebbles to make choppers with an average size of 122× 97× 58mm and an average weight of 910g. Using direct percussion, one side or both sides were flaked twice to make a chopper with a lateral cutting edge. To make a chopper, material was flaked from right to left, and to make a chopping-tool, both sides of the material were flaked alternatively and then almost half of the body was completed. The material was delicately trimmed to make a convex cutting edge and both ends of the cutting edge were trimmed one or two times. Like the paleolithic people of Cultural Layer 1, traces of the body that was used remained on the pebbles and its form was oval. The cutting edge made in this way was 60~69mm long and its angle was above 71° abrupt. To sum up the results above, choppers excavated from Cultural Layers 1 and 2 of the Hwasun Dosan Site had no significant differences although there was a difference in time of about 8,000 years. Using quartzite pebbles, which are easily found in the neighborhood, the material was flaked two times to make a chopper with a lateral cutting edge that has an angle of above 71°. To extend the cutting edge tool's use the chopper was trimmed again, and piquetages d'ecrasement on the stones indicate that they were used additionally. According to the form of the body, the preference of cutting edge forms, and the rate of left-handed and right-handed strikes, the directions for flaking a chopper were different.