한국 성인의 식품 불안정성과 건강관련요인

Abstract

Objectives: This study was performed to compare food insecurity according to socio-demographic factors and health status and to identify the association between food insecurity and the practice of healthy behaviors by Korean adults. Methods: This study used the data from the 2011 Community Health Survey. Socio-demographic factors considered in this study were sex, age, educational level, occupation, monthly household income, living with family, residential area, social capital, social network, and social participation, and the variables for health status were self-rated health, self-rated oral health, and perception of depressive symptoms. The health behaviors practiced were adapted non-smoking, non-high risk drinking, participation in physical activity, eating a regular breakfast, and keeping a normal weight. Food insecurity was defined if, in the previous one year, the participants reported that their family sometimes or often did not get enough food to eat. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of food insecurity was 4.4% (men 3.9%, women 4.9%). Food insecurity was statistically significantly associated with age, educational level, occupation, monthly household income, living with family, residential area, social capital, social network, social participation, self-rated health, self-rated oral health, and the perception of depressive symptoms. Men with food insecurity had lower odds ratios (ORs) for non-smoking, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.83), participation in physical activity, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78-0.93) and eating a regular breakfast, 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60-0.75), and they had a higher OR for keeping a normal weight, 1.15 (95% CI: 1.06-1.26) than did men with food security. Women with food insecurity had lower ORs for non-smoking, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71-0.96), and eating a regular breakfast, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.92), and had a higher OR for non-high risk drinking, 1.27 (95% CI: 1.02-1.60), than did women with food security. For men, the ORs for obesity were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88) for mild obesity, and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.37–0.80) for moderate obesity, compared with normal weight. For women, the OR for obesity was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.06–3.07) for severe obesity, compared with normal weight. Conclusion: The food insecurity was different depending on the socio-demographic factors and health status and the practice of healthy behaviors. To guarantee food security should be a very important strategy for public health, and the provision of coping strategies for food insecurity might be an important area through which to improve the practice of healthy behaviors of the population.