공동주택의 공용공간에 대한 거주자 만족도 평가분석

Abstract

Since 1970s, Korea has had rapid industrialization and economic development. This has led to a concentration of the population in urban areas and the family systems has changed from a large family system to nuclear or single family systems. In this process, available housing sites became insufficient and in order to solve this problem, apartment houses as high-density residential sites which can use land more efficiently have gained importance. Apartment houses do not properly contribute to the development of community culture nor do they have symbiosis with existing regional characteristics as they have a closed space composition. In particular, as exchanges with neighbors and community consciousness, which were easily found in the past society have rapidly diminished, alienation from neighbors has appeared and individualism has intensified. Smaller common spaces or common life spaces have intensified the inhumanity of the physical environmental conditions and helped create communication problems. Residents of apartment houses in contemporary society live in the same living spaces, but they do not know each other and those who live upstairs and downstairs of each other have frequent conflicts because of floor noise. They are also unwilling to actively participate in finding solutions to common problems. Residents do not think the public spaces are their own, and consequently, this makes the residential environment of the public spaces look too uninviting. The importance of public spaces in apartment complexes has not been understood and roles of public spaces have not been sufficiently considered in the planning stage. For higher quality and activation of public spaces in apartment houses, an organized approach to the roles of public spaces and residents' needs is required. To reflect the complex characteristics of the residential environment, a comprehensive evaluation of physical, social and living aspects is necessary. It is the physical, social and living aspects of public spaces near apartment complexes that should be comprehensively approached and understood. As there have been plenty of studies which have measured residents' satisfaction of public spaces and explained their characteristics, their effects on the physical, social and living aspects of apartment complexes should be analysed for understanding the specifics. This study aimed to present a planning paradigm of apartment complexes in a comprehensive aspect focusing on the types of common spaces at apartment houses. For this purpose, this study typified the concept of common space based on previous studies, and integrated relevant institutions and the results of previous studies to develop an evaluation instrument. The relationships between the evaluation factors in public spaces and residents' consciousness were analysed to find directions for higher quality residential environment. The results are presented as follows: First, for an evaluation according to the types of common spaces, residents' satisfaction was analysed. In the evaluation of public spaces in the main buildings, the usability and satisfaction of the subjects were high. Satisfaction in the physical aspect of public spaces in the main apartment buildings was higher than that in the social and living aspects. The use of the public spaces of the main buildings was frequent and more regional variables were found in apartment complexes in Gwangju. The evaluation of residents living in more than 132㎡ floor area on the public spaces within main buildings was high. The evaluation of outdoor public spaces was involved with distance and friendliness through the composition of and connection between community facilities for housing support related with social interaction. The subjects were highly satisfied with the social factors. With respect to the characteristics of use of public spaces, the subjects used the public spaces frequently. They were more satisfied with the social and living aspects than the physical ones. As a result of the evaluation of public spaces by Seoul City Government, the residents were very satisfied with them. In the evaluation of the management and service facility spaces, the subjects were more satisfied with the social and living aspects than the physical ones. The subjects used the management and service facility space frequently, and in particular, the residents of apartment houses in Gwangju used them very frequently. Evaluation of residents living in 99㎡ floor area and 132㎡ floor area, and with more than 132㎡ floor area on the management and service facility spaces was higher. Second, to understand the relationship between evaluation factors on public spaces, and characteristics of use and consciousness, a structural equation model was tested. Residents' consciousness had a positive effect on use of public space. Residents' consciousness on public spaces had a positive effect on the use of public spaces, which indicates their high satisfaction. This had an effect on evaluation of, use characteristics of and satisfaction with public spaces. As a result of evaluating public spaces in main buildings, it was discovered that outdoor public spaces, residents' public spaces, management and service facility spaces, space composition, facility performance, space facilities, space connectivity, flow line composition, maintenance and self-contentment in living had a positive effect on the use of public spaces in main buildings. In outdoor public spaces, the space environment, the facility performance, space facilities, community consciousness, and maintenance had a positive effect on the use of outdoor public spaces. The spacial environment, facility performance, community environment, access to facility composition, and maintenance had a positive effect on the satisfaction with outdoor public spaces. In residents' public spaces, the space environment, community consciousness, access to facility composition, the flow line composition, and maintenance had a positive effect on the use of public spaces. With respect to the evaluation on management and service, equipment environment, facility performance, space connections, flow line composition and self-contentment in living had a positive effect on the use of management and service. The evaluation on each facility in the public spaces of apartment houses had an effect on use of the public spaces. This is because heavier weight was given to facilities or evaluation items residents considered important. Therefore, the factors which had a significant effect on the use of and satisfaction with public spaces were important in the evaluation of public spaces. It was concluded that the use of public spaces had a significant effect on the satisfaction with public spaces. This study has meaning in that it evaluated public spaces according to their types and investigated residents' opinions to explain the relationship between the evaluation characteristics of public spaces and presented suggestions for better living conditions at apartment houses.