요양병원 간호인력의 직무스트레스와 식행동과의 관계

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Effects of job position and job stress on food behavior of long-term care hospital nurse and nurse's aid staffing.

by. Kim, Do Yeon Advisor : Prof. Lee, Jae-Joon, Ph. D. Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Chosun University

This study investigated the general environmental factors, job stress, fatigue levels, job satisfaction, eating behavior and health-related behavior of 161 nurses working at care hospitals in Suwon, Gwangju and Jeollanamdo. Based on the results, the characteristics of fatigue level, job satisfaction, eating behavior and health-related behavior according to job position and job stress of the subjects were compared and analysed. The mean age of the subjects was in the forties and the working hours were full-time, shift, and three shifts. They had worked for more than seven years and their results in physical measurements were normal. They were aware of their health at a medium level and had a high interest in their health. More than 59% drank and smoked. Their job stress was investigated according to the following categories: job demands, job autonomy, relationship conflicts, job instability, inappropriate rewards, organizational culture, and occupational culture. Of a total score, 70.5±6.5, stress from job demand was 12.2±1.2, which was the highest. Stress from fatigue was 83.1±16.5 in total. The job satisfaction of the subjects was analysed according to the following factors: rewards and promotions, job demands, professional status, autonomy, personal relationships, and administration. The total score was 75.8±8.1 and job satisfaction involving professional status was 22.9±3.1, which was the highest. The eating behavior of the subjects that was examined included daily water/caffeine intake, experiences of reactions to caffeine, changes in food intake under stress, the food groups, activity levels, healthy weight, sanitation, obesity, and drinking. The total score was 65.7±9.0. The total score for job autonomy involving job stress was 61.0±14.6 and was significantly higher for the charge nurse (P=0.000). Fatigue levesl of general nurses according to position was 88.1±17.1, and the job satisfaction of charge nurses was 79.1±8.3. The group with experiences of caffeine reactions in eating behavior according to position was charge nurses(48.0%) and, the group without any reaction was nurse's aide(75.3%), which was significantly high(P=0.045). The group that showed a decrease in food intake under stress was nurse's aide(24.7%), and the group without change was charge nurse(36.0%). The group that had an increase in food intake was nurses(69.1%)(P=0.006). The group with the most job stress according to position was charge nurses(52.0%) and the group with the lowest job stress was nurse's aide(29.6%)(P=0.000). As a result of analysing factors according to job stress in the inter-quartile range(highest, high, low, and lowest), the job satisfaction of the subjects was presented as follows: rewards and promotions(P=0.000), job demand(P=0.000), professional status(P=0.002), personal relationship(P=0.003), administration(P=0.000), and autonomy(P=0.000) were highest in the group with the most stress. Each of these had significant differences. With regards to the eating behavior of the subjects according to job stress, the group with the highest job stress had the highest scores in eating behavior. As a result of this study, the eating behavior of care hospital nurses is presented as follows: they drank 0.5L~1.0L of water daily, they did not drink caffeine drinks above the daily recommended level suggested by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Over 60% of them never had any caffeine reaction. There was more than a 50% of correlation between the stress of the nursing staff of care hospitals and food intake. They exercised more than 30 minutes every day to maintain their weight. Although the subjects were not obese and tried hard to maintain a normal weight, as they ate more food under stress, it is suggested that their stress levels and food intake should continue to be observed. The limitations of this study were that the survey was confined to onlt a few care hospital nurses, the investigation of eating behavior was rough, and eating speed, between-meal snacking, frequency of eating-out, and daily food intake were not specifically investigated. Care hospital nurses had the opportunities to have a diagnosis of their eating habits and to be aware of their problems, but hospital food should be institutionalized for nurses to be a guide on proper nutrition as well as provide meal service for patients and counsel on nutrition. Further studies should deal with diverse and extensive areas on the positions of the nursing staff and job stress.