CHOSUN

The regulatory mechanism of oncogenic Ras-dependent RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 activity

Metadata Downloads
Author(s)
김지호
Issued Date
2014
Abstract
The Rho family GTPases RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42 regulates cytoskeleton organization and membrane trafficking in physiological processes such as cell proliferation, motility and polarity. Also, Rho family GTPases plays downstream action in Ras / ERK pathway. Oncoprotein Ras act as molecular switches to control of cell growth, invasion, metastasis and differentiation. However, Rho family GTPases regulation mechanism by Ras is not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that, Ephexin1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases, preferentially associates with activated GTP-bound Ras. Furthermore, interaction of Epheixn1 and Ras is increased by the Ephexin1 phosphorylation state. The phosphorylation of Epheixin1 includes Ser16, Ser18 residue by AKT. Additionally, Ephexin1 and activated Ras cooperate to cause synergistic formation of RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42-GTP in AKT / PI(3) K-dependent manners. The active Ras or active AKT enhances Ephexin1, EphA receptor, EGFR receptor and Ras multi-complex. Thus, Ephexin1 can function as master-effectors that directly mediate Ras activation of tumorigenesis and Rho family GTPases mediated cytoskeleton remodeling, and Ephexin1 itself or its downstream effectors may be valuable targets for the development of therapeutics.|Rho family GTPase에 속하는 RhoA와 Rac1 그리고 Cdc42는 cell proliferation과 motility과 polarity과 같은 세포의 생리학적인 과정 안에서 cytoskeletal organization과 membrane trafficking을 조절한다. 또한, Rho family GTPase인 RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42는 Ras-ERK pathway 아래에서 작e동한다. Oncoprotein인 Ras 단백질은 cell growth, invasion, metastasis 그리고 differentation을 조절하는 molecular switch로서 역할을 한다. 하지만, Ras 단백질에 의해서 Rho family GTPase가 조절되는 기전에 대해서는 완전히 이해되지 않고 있다. 이 논문에서는 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)로써의 Ephexin1이 active form인 GTP-Ras와 interaction하고 있음을 밝혀냈다. 게다가 Ephexin1은 Ras와의 interaction에 Ephexin1의 phosphorylation 상태가 중요함을 알아냈으며, Ephexin1의 Ser16, Ser18에 AKT에 의해서 phosphoylation이 된다는 것을 밝혔다. 그리고 Ras와 Ephexin1이 synergistic formation을 이룰 수 있으며, Ras 단백질의 fully activation에 Ephexin1이 필요하다는 것을 밝혀냈다. 또한, Active Ras / AKT는 Ephexin1 / EphA receptor / EGFR receptor / Ras의 multi-complex를 형성함으로써 oncogenic signal을 더욱 증가 시킨다. 이와 같이 Ephexin1이 Ras에 의해서 이루어지는 tumorigenesis와 Rho family GTPases mediated cytoskeleton remodeling에서 Ephexin1이 매우 중요한 effector로서 작용 할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 그리고 Ephexin1 또는 Ephexin1 downstream effector들이 중요한 cancer therapeutics로 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Alternative Title
암유전자 Ras에 의한 RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 활성조절 연구
Alternative Author(s)
Kim jeeho
Affiliation
조선대학교
Department
일반대학원 생물신소재학과
Advisor
유호진
Table Of Contents
List of Figures i
List of Table iii
Abbreviations iv
Abstract 1
국문초록 3
Part I
l. Introduction 5
ll. Materials and Methods 10
ll-1. Cell culture and transfection…………………………………………….…… 10
ll-2. Construction of plasmid DNA 10
ll-3. Site Direct Mutagenesis of plasmids 12
ll-4. Reagents and antibodies 12
ll-5. Preparation of cell lystate and Western blot analysis 13
II-6. Immunofluorescence microscopic analysis 13
II-7. RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR 14
ll-8. RNA interference 14
ll-9. Immunoprecipitation 15
ll-10. GST-fusion protein purification 15
ll-11. Measurement of RhoA / Rac1 / Cdc42 / Ras activity 16

lll. Results 18
lll-1. Depletion of Ephexin1 causes defect at RAS / ERK pathway…..………18
lll-2. Ephexin1 interacts Rho, Rac1 and Cdc42 in non-neuronal cell………..24
lll-3. Ephexin1 regulates activity of RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42………...………..28
lll-4. Ephexin1 and Ras cooperate to activate Rho / Rac / Cdc42……………34
lll-5. Ras-mediated activtion of Rho / Rac / Cdc42 is impaired in Ephexin1-depleletion cells………………………………………………...………………38
lll-6. Ephexin1 binds activated Ras form. Also, Ephexin1-Ras binding increased Ras-Rho/Rac/Cdc42 interaction………………………………..41
lll-7. Ephexin1 / Ras interaction promoted is by AKT and regulation of Rho family GTPases by Ephexin1 is a AKT / PI3K dependent mechanism.……………………………………………………………………...50
lll-8. EGF/ active Ras increased Ephexin1 / Eph A2/ A4 / EGFR / Ras complex……………………………………………………………………...64
lll-9. Ephexin1 / EGF was controlled according to phospho state of EphA2/A4………………………………………………………………………..76
lll-10. EphrinA1 / Ras regulated EphA2/A4 -EGFR homo/heterodimer….87
lll-Sup.1. Ephexin1 siRNA selection……………………………………………102
lll-Sup.2. Ephexin1 did not regulated Ras ubqutination and protein level………………………………………………………………………..104
lll-Sup.3. Ras regulated Ephexin1 protein stability by ubiquitin pathway…………………………………………………………………...106
lll-Sup.4. EphrinA1 / Ras regulated GEF activity of Ephexin1……………117
lll-Sup.5. Active Rho / Rac / Cdc42 pulldown assay test………………….120
lll-Sup.6. Ephexin1 antibody test……………………………………………….122
lll-Sup. table1. Sequences of primers for RT-PCR / qRT-PCR……………124
lll-Sup. table2. Sequences of primers for cloning…………………………..125
lll-Sup. table3. Sequences of siRNA……………………………………………126
lll-Sup. table4. Sequences of primers for site-direct mutagenesis…….127


lV. Discussion…………………………………………………………………….128
V. References……………………………………………………………………..131
VI. Acknowledgements……………………………………………………….143
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
조선대학교
Citation
김지호. (2014). The regulatory mechanism of oncogenic Ras-dependent RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 activity.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/12065
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000264588
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 4. Theses(Ph.D)
Authorize & License
  • AuthorizeOpen
  • Embargo2015-02-25
Files in This Item:

Items in Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.