한·중 황사공동관측망을 활용한 황사의 한반도 도달시간 연구

Abstract

The travel time and speed of Sand and Dust Storm (SDS) which was observed near the source region in China and then moved the long distance to the Korean Peninsula were investigated. To this end, the hourly data observed by the PM10 equipment (An equipment that measures airborne dust smaller than 10 μm) installed at the Korea-China Joint monitoring network of Sand and Dust Storm (KCJSDS, 15 sites) and from the Korea Meteorological Administration monitoring network of Sand and Dust Storm (KMASDS, 10 sites) were analyzed. The stations of KCJSDS were established under the Meteorological Cooperation between Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China since 2005. In order to calculate the time taken for SDS to arrive to the Korean Peninsula, the source regions of the SDS were divided into four areas, such as Gobi Desert and Inner Mongolia Plateau Region, Northeast Region of the Chinese continent, Loess Plateau Region, and Taklamakan Desert East Region, while the routes that SDS passed to reach Korea were also taken into consideration. Unlike the other previous studies that had analyzed synoptic weather charts, isentropic fields, and satellite images, etc., in studying long-range transport issues of SDS to the Korean peninsula, this research investigated the average time and speed by quantitatively analyzing the actual PM10 hourly data measured at KCJSDS. It additionally figured out the background reason for the shortest travel time and the longest travel time of SDS from each source region. The average time taken for SDS observed by KCJSDS located near Gobi Desert and Inner Mongolia Plateau Region and Loess Plateau Region to reach the Korean Peninsula showed approximately 36～39 hours (about 1.5 day), while this corresponded relatively well with the results derived by previous studies which used isentropic fields to analyze the routes of SDS that moved a long distance. The difference between the longest and the shortest travel time showed more than 24 hours in case of Gobi Desert and Inner Mongolia Plateau Region and Loess Plateau Region, whereas there was about 4 times longer than the shortest travel time in case of China Northeast Region. It is, therefore, necessary to carefully analyze various factors to affect the movement of SDS such as the surrounding pressure system including the blocking of anticyclones, when predicting the SDS in the future. The SDS originated from the KCJSDS in Hami and Dunhuang located in the Taklamakan Desert East Region had never been recorded as a severe SDS with hourly average of over 300 ㎍/㎥ at KMASDS. Unless a certain type of weather condition likely as a strong jet stream or a strong and consistent northwest wind is set, the possibility for SDS over 300 ㎍/㎥ to reach the Korean Peninsula located over 3,000 km away seemed low. Meanwhile, it was frequently witnessed that the SDS flew over to Korea within only about 6 hours when the observation value of KCJSDS installed at the location like Dalian, the routes that SDS passed to reach Korea, showed over 300 ㎍/㎥. Thus, in this case it seemed essential to come up with prompt solutions and preparations, such as preemptive issuance of SDS warnings.

Key words : Sand and Dust Storm, PM10, Travel time, KCJSDS (Korea-China Joint monitoring network of Sand and Dust Storm)