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TOPORS interacts with RAD51 and mediate DNA double strand Break Repair by Homologous Recombination

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Author(s)
구루사미 하리하라수단
Issued Date
2013
Abstract
방사선 조사, UV, 복제 손상 및 각종 시약 등에 의해 유도된 DNA 이중나선 절단은 비상동 말단결합과 상동 재결합을 통해 복구되어 유전체 안정성을 유지한다. Rad51 단백질은 DNA 이중나선 절단에 의한 상동재결합에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 yeast-two hybrid 스크리닝을 통해 Rad51에 결합하는 새로운 단백질 TOPORS를 동정하고 RAD51과의 결합을 통해 상동재결합에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 먼저 in vivo와 in vitro에서 Rad51과 TOPORS의 결합을 면역침강법을 통해 확인하였다. 이 결합은 방사선 조사에 의해 증가함을 보았다. TOPORS의 중요부위 돌연변이 실험을 통해 TOPORS의 854-917aa 부위가 RAD51과의 결합에 중요함을 확인하였다. 또한 Rad51과 TOPORS는 방사선 조사 후 DNA 손상부위에 colocalization됨을 면역염색법을 통해 관찰하였다. Rad51의 결합단백질로 동정된 TOPORS가 RAD51에 의한 상동재결합에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 TOPORS 유전자가 결핍된 세포주를 제작하여 방사선 손상에 따른 영향을 조사하였다. TOPORS가 결핍된 세포는 정상세포에 비해 방사선 손상과 복제 손상 등에 의한 세포손상 민감도가 증가되었다. 또한 DNA손상 마커인 -H2AX와 53BP1의 DNA 손상 foci형성에는 차이를 보이지 않았고, 상동재결합을 마커인 RAD51 foci는 TOPORS가 결핍된 세포에서 현저히 감소함을 확인하였다. Comet assay 와 상동재결합 분석을 통해 TOPORS가 결핍된 세포에서 DNA 손상 복구가 감소됨을 증명하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 Rad51과 TOPORS의 결합을 통해 TOPORS가 RAD51의 이중나선절단을 통한 상동재결합을 조절함을 확인함으로써 TOPORS가 방사선 손상에 있어 Rad51의 새로운 중요한 조절자임을 시사한다.|DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic lesions induced by ionizing radiation (IR), free radicals, chemicals, or replication stress. Two major pathways, error-prone non-homologous end joining and error-free homologous recombination playing an important role to maintain genome stability. Homologous recombination maintains high fidelity DSB repair mechanism through homologous DNA as a template. RAD51 is known to be backbone of homologous recombination repair which is playing a major role in homologous pairing of DSB repair. Here, we report that Topors is a novel RAD51-interacting protein identified by yeast two-hybrid screening. We showed Topors interacts with RAD51 in endogenous and exogenous co-immunoprecipitation assay and binding was increased after IR induced DNA damage.
Different Topors constructs co-immunoprecipitation assay showed us binding site of RAD51 is C-terminal region 854-917 amino acid of Topors.RAD51 and Topors forms a discrete IR induced nuclear foci and colocalize at DSB site.
We report that Topors knockdown cells shows depletion of RAD51 foci but no change in γH2AX or 53BP1 foci after γ-irradiation. Moreover, Topors deficient cells also showed impaired Homologous recombination repair activity after DSB. Topors depleted cells shown hypersensitive to IR induced less colony formation which is proved by a clonal survival assay. We show depletion of endogenous Topors accumulates increased amount of unrelieved DSBs, as observed by formation of delayed γH2AX foci and Comet assay.
Taken together, our results suggest that, TOPORS is a critical regulator of the Rad51-mediated homologous recombination repair and has a role in activation of Rad51 activity and maintenance of genetic stability.
Alternative Title
RAD51 결합단백질 TOPORS의 DNA이중나선절단 복구활성 조절연구
Alternative Author(s)
Gurusamy Hariharasudhan
Affiliation
Graduate School of Chosun University Department of Bio-Materials
Department
일반대학원 생물신소재학과
Advisor
유호진
Awarded Date
2014-02
Table Of Contents
ABSTRACT (IN KOREAN)……………………..…vii

I. INTRODUCTION……………………………01

1. RAD51 mediates DSB Repair by Homologous Recombination………01
2. Topors role in Cancer and DNA damage signaling……………………03
II. Materials and Methods....…………………………09
1. Cell culture and treatment……………………………………………..09
2. Generation of stable Topors knockdown clones……………………...10
3. Plasmid constructs…………………………………………………….11
4. Antibodies…………………………………………………………….11
5. Yeast two-hybrid analysis…………………………………………….13
6. Immunoprecipitation assay and western-blot analysis………………..14
7. Immunostaining……………………………………………………….15
8. Cell survival assay…………………………………………………….16
9. Comet assay…………………………………………………………..16
10. Analysis of Homologous Recombination activity……………………17
11. Statistical analysis…………………………………………………18

III. RESULTS………..………………………………19
1. Identification of TOPORS as a RAD51-associated protein…………....19
2. Binding of RAD51 and Topors upon DNA Damage from intact cell………………………………………………………………..…….19
3. Identification of a RAD51 Binding site/domain in Topors………..….24
4. TOPORS localizes to the sites of DNA damage and colocalizes with Rad51…………………………………………………………………..29
5. TOPORS is required for the recruitment of Rad51 to DSBs……..……32
6. Deletion of TOPORS leads to decreased homologous recombination repair ………………………………………………………..………….47

IV. DISCUSSION……………………………………..56
1. Topors plays critical role in HR Repair by interacting with RAD51 in the site of Double strand break………………………………………..57
2. Knockdown of Topors down regulates RAD51 foci formation and Homologous Recombination Repair activity………………………….58
3. Knockdown of Topors affects cell survival and delays repair activity, delays γH2ax foci……………………………………………………...63

REFERENCES………………………………………...65
ABSTRACT (IN ENGLISH)………………………....81
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………83
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
조선대학교 대학원
Citation
구루사미 하리하라수단. (2013). TOPORS interacts with RAD51 and mediate DNA double strand Break Repair by Homologous Recombination.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/11878
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000264179
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 4. Theses(Ph.D)
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