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The Motivation Loop: Exploring EFL College Students’ and Their Native English-Speaking Instructors’ Demotivation in the Offline Pandemic Classroom

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Author(s)
리사
Issued Date
2022
Keyword
English Education
Abstract
이 탐구 연구의 목적은 두 가지이다. 먼저, EFL 학습자와 교사가 오프라인 팬데믹 학습 경험 동안 그들의 의욕을 어떻게 인지하는지 탐구한다. 그런 다음, 연구원은 EFL 학습자의 동기부여 과정과 교사 사이의 상호 작용에 대한 관점을 얻는 것을 목표로 한다. EFL 교사의 동기부여 영향에 대한 제한된 연구에도 불구하고, 그러한 연구의 중요성은 부인될 수 없다. 교사들은 학생들이 적절한 수준의 의욕을 유지하면서 학업 결과에 도달할 수 있도록 돕는 막중한 책임을 지고 있다(Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011; Ushioda, 2020). 동기가 부족한 학생들은 과제에 완전히 참여할 가능성이 낮고, 그들의 부정적인 태도는 그들을 관찰하는 교사들에게 동기부여적인 영향을 미친다 (Gong et al., 2021; Johnson, 2000; 송 & 김, 2016). 이 논문 연구의 중요성은 EFL 학습자와 교사의 의욕을 자극하거나 소멸시키기 위해 발생하는 관찰과 내실화의 루프 안에서 그 근원을 찾는다.
혼합 방법 설계를 통해, 이 연구는 EFL 오프라인 팬데믹 교실에서 한국 대학 교사와 학생들의 이러한 동기부여 주기 패턴과 상호 작용을 탐구한 5가지 연구 질문을 다루었다 (김, 2009; Sakai and Kikuchi, 2009; Sugino, 2010). 정량적 결과는 EFL 학생들이 오프라인 컨텍스트 내의 강등 학습 경험에서 비롯되는 내부 강등 영향을 인식하고 있음을 나타냈다. 교실이 교사들의 일터에서 중요한 부분을 구성하기 때문에, 그 결과가 그것이 교사들의 의욕적인 영향의 가장 중요한 원천이라는 것을 보여준 것은 놀라운 일이 아니다. 정성적 분석에 따르면 교사들은 오프라인 팬데믹 교실에서 학생들이 과제 참여에 영향을 미치는 부정적인 태도와 행동을 보이는 것을 종종 관찰한다. 이러한 관찰은 교사 자신의 의욕을 꺾는 데 기여하지만, 종종 원격 교육적 개입으로 이어진다. 정성적 분석을 통해 연구원은 EFL 학습자와 교사가 학습을 경험하는 감압 과정의 순환적 특성을 보여주는 일련의 루프 패턴도 확인하게 되었다. 본 논문의 연구 결과는 L2 교육자가 특히 오프라인 팬데믹 기간 동안 학습자가 어려움을 겪는 강등적 영향을 더 잘 이해하는 데 도움이 되는 일반적인 실제적 시사점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 교사들이 매일 관리해야 하는 의욕적인 영향에 대한 통찰력도 제공한다.
|The aim of this exploratory research is twofold. First, explore how EFL learners and their teachers perceive their demotivation during the offline Pandemic learning experience. Then, the researcher aims to gain perspectives on the interaction between the demotivational processes of the EFL learner and the teacher. Despite limited research on EFL teacher demotivational influences, the importance of such research cannot be denied. Teachers carry the immense responsibility of helping their students reach their academic outcomes while maintaining adequate levels of demotivation (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011; Ushioda, 2020). Poorly motivated students are less likely to engage in tasks fully, and their negative attitudes create demotivational influences on teachers who observe them (Gong, Lai & Gao 2021; Johnson, 2000; Song & Kim, 2016). The significance of this dissertation study finds its source within this loop of observation and internalization that occurs to either fuel or extinguish EFL learners’ and teachers’ demotivation.
Through mixed methods design, the study addressed five research questions that explored the demotivational perceptions and interplay between such demotivation cyclical patterns of South Korean university teachers and their students in the EFL offline Pandemic classroom (Kim, 2009; Sakai and Kikuchi, 2009; Sugino, 2010). Quantitative results indicated that EFL students perceive their internal demotivational influences stem from the demotivational learning experiences within the offline context. As the classroom constitutes a significant part of the teachers’ workplace, it is no surprise that the results indicated it to be their most significant source of demotivational influences. Qualitative analysis revealed that teachers often observe their students exhibit negative attitudes and behaviors that affect task engagement in the offline Pandemic classroom. Such observations contribute to the teacher’s own demotivation, yet frequently lead to remotivational pedagogical interventions. Through qualitative analysis, the researcher also came to identify a series of loop patterns that illustrate the cyclical nature of the demotivational processes through which EFL learners and teachers experience their learning. The findings of this dissertation have general practical implications that help L2 educators better understand the demotivational influences that their learners struggle with, especially during the offline Pandemic period. But also give insight into the demotivational influences that teachers must manage daily.
Alternative Title
동기 고리: COVID-19 팬데믹 상황의 대면 수업에서 대학생 영어 학습자와 영어 원어민 교수의 탈동기 연구
Alternative Author(s)
Lisa Mynhardt
Affiliation
조선대학교 일반대학원
Department
일반대학원 영어교육학과
Advisor
김경자
Awarded Date
2022-08
Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS I
LIST OF FIGURES IX
LIST OF TABLES XI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XIV
ABSTRACT XV
DEDICATION XXI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XXII
CHAPTERS

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Necessity of This Study 3
1.2 Research Purposes and Questions 5
1.3 Significance of This Study 8

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11
2.1 Theoretical Framework 12
2.1.1 The Socio-Psychological Period 15
2.1.2 The Cognitive-Situated Period 16
2.1.3 The Process-Oriented Period 17
2.1.4 The Socio-Dynamic Period 18
2.1.5 A Three-leveled Model 21
2.2 Three Levels of Motivation 27
2.2.1 The Micro-level of Motivation 28
2.2.2 The Meso-level of Motivation 32
2.2.3 The Macro-level of Motivation 36
2.3 Three Levels of Demotivation 42
2.3.1 The Micro-level Demotivators 45
(i) Intrinsic Demotivation 46
(ii) Integrative Demotivation 47
(iii) Fear L2 Self 48
(iv) Performance Frustration 48
2.3.2 The Meso-level Demotivators 50
(i) Agent-specific Demotivational Components 52
(ii) Course-specific Demotivational Components 55
(iii) Negative University Context 58
(iv) The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Temporary Meso-level Demotivator 59
2.3.3 The Macro-level Demotivators 60
(i) Instrumental Demotivators 61
(ii) Negative Contextual Components 63
(iii) Negative Ought-to L2 Self 64
2.3.4 Commonality Between Demotivational Aspects 64
2.4 Learning Experiences and Remotivation 70
2.4.1 Student Remotivation and the Learning Experience 71
2.4.2 Teacher Remotivation and the Learning Experience 76

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 82
3.1 Research Context 82
3.2 Research Design 83
3.2.1 Participants 84
3.2.2 Data Collection Method 87
(i) Demographic Information Questionnaire 88
(ii) Student Demotivation in SLA and Classroom Engagement during Offline Learning in the Pandemic Questionnaire (SDCEQ) 89
(iii) Teacher Demotivation in English Language Teaching and Classroom Engagement during Offline Learning in the Pandemic Questionnaire (TDCEQ) 93
(iv) Teacher Observational Journal Entry 95
3.2.3 Data Collection Process 96
3.3 Data Analysis 98
3.3.1 Qualitative Data Analysis 98
3.3.2 Qualitative Analysis Methods 99

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 102
4.1 Student Reported Demotivating Constructs and Their Domains 103
4.1.1 Construct 1: Inadequacy of the Learning Environment 105
4.1.2 Construct 2: Negative Operant Teacher Behaviors 108
4.1.3 Construct 3: Insufficient Class Content and Materials 111
4.1.4 Construct 4: Detrimental Characteristics of Classroom Learning 113
4.1.5 Construct 5: Students’ Demotivational Student Experiences 115
4.1.6 Construct 6: Levels of Student Interest 118
4.1.7 Learner Demotivational Domains 120
4.2 The Pandemic’s Contributory Link to Student Demotivation 125
4.3 Teacher Reported Demotivating Aspects 136
4.3.1 Aspect Category 1: Influences of Students’ Negative Attitudes and Behaviors 138
4.3.2 Aspect Category 2: Insufficiency of Class Facilities, Teaching Materials, and Curriculum 141
4.3.3 Aspect Category 3: Inappropriateness of Working Conditions 144
4.3.4 Aspect Category 4: Inadequacy of Workplace Interactions for Teacher Demotivation 147
4.3.5 Aspect Category 5: Unspecified Critical Incident Contributors 149
4.4 Teachers’ Perceptions of Learners’ Pandemic Related Demotivated Attitudes and Behaviors 153
4.4.1 Theme 1: Teacher’s Thoughts on Their Students’ Representations During the Learning Experience 157
4.4.2 Theme 2: Teachers’ Observations and Responses to Their Students’ Perceived Needs 162
4.4.3 Theme 3: Teachers’ Comments on Their Pedagogy for the Critical Incident Period 167
4.4.4 Theme 4: Socio-Contextual Comments on the Educational Environment 171
4.5 Cyclical Interaction Between Demotivational Processes 176
4.5.1 Loop 1: Recognized Student Demotivational Cycle 179
4.5.2 Loop 2: Recognized Teacher Demotivational Cycle 182
4.5.3 Loop 3: Recognized Interplay between Loop 1 and Loop 2 184

5. CONCLUSION 189
5.1 Result Summary for the Research Questions 189
5.1.1 Research Question 1 190
5.1.2 Research Question 2 191
5.1.3 Research Question 3 192
5.1.4 Research Question 4 193
5.1.5 Research Question 5 194
5.2 Implications of the Study 196
5.2.1 Theoretical Implications of the Study 197
5.2.2 Practical Implications of the Study 198
5.3 Limitations 200
5.4 Contributions of the Study and Recommended Future Research 202

REFERENCES 204

APPENDICES 237
Appendix A: Teacher Demotivation in English Language Teaching and Classroom Engagement During the Offline Learning in the Pandemic Questionnaire 237
Appendix B: Student Demotivation in Second Language Acquisition and Classroom Engagement During Offline Learning in the Pandemic Questionnaire 239
Appendix C: Part B: Demotivation and Engagement Questionnaire 241
Appendix D: Teacher Demotivation in English Language Teaching and Classroom Engagement During the Offline Learning in the Pandemic Questionnaire Part B 247
Appendix E: QR Code Image 250
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
조선대학교 대학원
Citation
리사. (2022). The Motivation Loop: Exploring EFL College Students’ and Their Native English-Speaking Instructors’ Demotivation in the Offline Pandemic Classroom.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/18515
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000633038
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 4. Theses(Ph.D)
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  • Embargo2022-08-26
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