전기자동차 택시 도입에 따른 온실가스 저감 및 경제 효과 분석

Abstract

Analysis of the Effects of Introducing Electric Vehicle Taxi on Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Energy Cost : Gwangju Metropolitan City Jung, Jongmun Advisor : Prof. Park, Sangjun, Ph.D Department of Civil Engineering Graduate School of Chosun University The UN recently evaluated that an unprecedented abnormal climate problem has led to an era of Global Boiling, the Earth is boiling beyond global warming. Environmental problems caused by greenhouse gases are causing great damage to humanity. In order to respond to this climate change, developed countries are reducing carbon emissions and further declaring carbon neutrality by substantially reducing carbon emissions to 'zero', and the “2050 Carbon Neutral Scenario” report was published in 2021 Korea and carbon neutrality was declared. In 2020, Korea's total greenhouse gas emissions were 656.2 million tons CO2eq, of which the transportation sector emitted 96.1 million tons CO2eq of greenhouse gases, accounting for about 14% of Korea's total greenhouse gas emissions. In the transportation sector, most greenhouse gas emissions occur in the road sector (approximately 97%), attributed to using fossil fuels, the main energy source for transportation. As a result of applying the transportation greenhouse gas reduction policies, it was analyzed that the greenhouse gas reduction effect due to the spread of electric vehicles was 1.17 (tons/vehicle/year) and the prevention of idling of small trucks and the carpool policies could reduce 0.91 tons and 1.02 tons of greenhouse gas, respectively. The main carbon neutrality scenario in the road sector aims to convert existing internal combustion engine vehicles into zero-emission, eco-friendly vehicles such as electric or hydrogen vehicles. Globally, the number of electric vehicles is increasing every year, reaching 26 million units in 2022, an increase of approximately 60% compared to 2021. In Korea, a total of 389,855 electric vehicles have been cumulatively registered nationwide as of the end of 2022. In particular, the total number of registered vehicles in Jeju is 408,607, of which 31,373 are electric vehicles, showing a high market share of about 8%. Jeju is the most active in distributing electric vehicles in Korea, and in the case of taxis, 1,510 out of 5,115 taxis have been converted to electric vehicles. In the case of taxis, the average daily mileage is expected to be greater than that of general non-commercial passenger vehicles, so if taxis that use existing liquefied petroleum gas as fuel are converted to electric vehicles, the effect of reducing exhaust gases and greenhouse gases is expected to be significant. Currently, as interest in electric cars is increasing, this study calculates the effect of converting taxis operating in Gwangju Metropolitan City to electric cars using driving history data collected from digital tachographs. The VT-Micro model and VT-CPEM model were used to microscopically calculate vehicle emissions and energy consumption and evaluate the scenarios in terms of environmental and economic perspectives. As a result of this study, it was analyzed that as the market share of electric vehicles increases, electricity usage increases, and significant LPG usage and CO2 emissions decrease. It was analyzed that if all taxis in operation in the future were converted to electric vehicles, a total of 39,524 tons of CO2 could be reduced per year compared to 2023, and a total cost of 14.2 billion won could be saved.