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Priority-Based Adaptive MAC for Wireless Body Area Networks in Unlicensed Bands

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Author(s)
Sabin Bhandari
Issued Date
2016
Abstract
In recent years, wireless body area networks (WBANs) are widely used in various applications such as healthcare systems and consumer electronics. In WBANs, various sensors and actuators are placed, on or inside the human body and connected wirelessly. Unlike the other wireless networks, WBANs have specific requirements; however, the standard protocols such as IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4 cannot fulfill all the requirements. Consequently, many medium access control (MAC) protocols have been studied, most of which are derived from the IEEE 802.15.4 superframe structure with some improvements and adjustments to effectively address the stringent requirements of WBANs. Nevertheless, they do support differentiated quality of service (QoS) for various forms of traffic coexisting in a WBAN. In particular, a QoS-aware MAC protocol is highly necessary for WBANs in unlicensed ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) bands because different wireless services such as Bluetooth, WiFi, and Zigbee may cause great interference. In this thesis, we propose the priority-based adaptive MAC protocol for WBANs that allocates time slots dynamically based on the traffic priority. Furthermore, multiple channels are effectively utilized to reduce access delay in a WBAN in the presence of coexistent systems. The WBAN coordinator dynamically adjusts channel access patterns according to interference environments. Our performance evaluation results show that the proposed MAC outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and conventional priority-based MAC in terms of average transmission time, throughput, energy consumption, and data collision ratio.

|최근 무선 인체 네트워크(WBAN)가 헬스케어 및 정보가전과 같은 다양한 분야에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. WBAN에서는 다양한 센서와 구동기가 인체 내외부에 부착되고 무선으로 연결된다. 타 네트워크와 달리 WBAN은 고유의 요구사항을 갖는데, IEEE 802.11 및 IEEE 802.15.4와 같은 표준 프로토콜들은 모든 요구사항을 충족하지 못한다. 이로 인해 많은 매체 접근 제어(MAC) 프로토콜이 연구되고 있으며, 이들 대부분은 IEEE 802.15.4 슈퍼프레임 구조로부터 유도 개발되어 개선되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 하나의 WBAN에 공존하는 다양한 형태의 트래픽에 대하여 차별화된 서비스 품질(QoS)을 지원하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 특히, 비면허 ISM 대역을 사용하는 WBAN에서는 공존하는 Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee 등과 같은 타 서비스가 큰 간섭을 유발할 수 있으므로 QoS 인지 MAC 프로토콜이 절실히 필요하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 WBAN을 위한 우선순위 기반 적응형 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안한 프로토콜은 트래픽 우선순위에 기반을 두고 타임 슬롯을 동적으로 할당한다. 더욱이 타 시스템이 공존하는 경우에 WBAN에서의 지연시간을 줄이기 위하여 다중 채널을 효과적으로 활용한다. 또한 WBAN 제어기는 채널 접근 패턴을 간섭 환경에 따라 동적으로 조절한다. 성능 평가 결과에 의하면, 제안한 MAC 프로토콜은 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC 및 기존의 우선순위 기반 MAC 프로토콜에 비해 평균 전송시간, 전송률, 에너지 소모, 데이터 충돌 비율 등에서 우수한 성능을 나타낸다.
Alternative Title
비면허 대역 무선 인체 네트워크를 위한 우선순위 기반 적응형 MAC
Alternative Author(s)
사빈 반다리
Affiliation
Department of Computer Engineering
Department
일반대학원 컴퓨터공학과
Advisor
Prof. Sangman Moh
Awarded Date
2016-02
Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS i
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF TABLES v
ACRONYMS vi
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) vii
ABSTRACT (KOREAN) ix
I. INTRODUCTION 1
A. Research Objective 3
B. Thesis Layout 4
II. RELATED WORKS 5
A. Characteristics and Design Approaches 8
1. Lower-Power Listening (LPL) 9
2. Scheduled Contention 9
3. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 10
B. Existing MAC Protocols for WBANs 11
1. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC 11
2. TAD-MAC 12
3. Traffic-adaptive MAC (TaMAC) 14
4. Heartbeat-driven MAC (H-MAC) 15
5. Context Aware MAC 15
6. BodyMAC 17
7. Scalable and Robust MAC 19
8. TDMA Based Directional MAC 21
C. Comparison and Discussion of Existing MAC Protocols 22
D. Open Issues and Challenges 24
1. Security and Privacy 25
2. Cognitive Radio Capability 25
3. Energy Harvesting 25
4. Reducing Interference 26
5. Enhancing QoS 26
III. PRIORITY-BASED ADAPTIVE MAC (PA-MAC) 27
A. Utilizing Multiple Channels 27
B. Data Traffic Prioritization and Dynamic Timeslot Allocation 28
C. Data Transfer Procedure 31
IV. ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATION OF PA-MAC 33
A. Channel Status 33
B. Energy Consumption 34
C. Transmission Time 36
V. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 38
A. Simulation Environment 38
B. Simulation Results and Discussion 39
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS 45
BIBLIOGRAPHY 46
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 51
Degree
Master
Publisher
Chosun University, Department of Computer Engineering
Citation
Sabin Bhandari. (2016). Priority-Based Adaptive MAC for Wireless Body Area Networks in Unlicensed Bands.
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://oak.chosun.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/12618
http://chosun.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000265213
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > 3. Theses(Master)
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